Chaetomium and Chaetomium-like Species from European Indoor Environments Include Dichotomopilus finlandicus sp. nov.
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Morphological Features of the Isolated Chaetomium Strains
2.2. Phylogeny and Taxonomy
2.3. Physiological Characterization of the Isolated Chaetomium and Chaetomium-like Strains
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Sample Collection and Isolation
4.2. Morphological Characterization
4.3. DNA Extraction, Identification, and Phylogenetic Analysis
4.4. Enzyme Production
4.5. Temperature Profiling
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Collection Number | Lab Code | Location of Isolation | GenBank Accession Number | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
tef1α | ITS | rpb2 | tub2 | ||||
Ac. globosum * | CBS 332.67 T | Rhizosphere, Lucknow, India | KM655479 | ||||
Ac. strumarium * | CBS 333.67 T | Soil, Lucknow, India | KC503252 | ||||
Ch. afropilosum * | CBS 145.38 T | Unknown | KT214713 | ||||
Ch. angustispirale * | CBS 137.58 T | Fraxinus sp., Tellerman forest, Baleshev region, Russia | KF001734 | ||||
Ch. ascotrichoides * | CBS 113.83 | Gossypium humitectum, Argentina | KF001742 | ||||
Ch. capillare * | CBS 128489 T | Animal hair, California, USA | KT214724 | NR_144860 | KT214686 | KT214760 | |
Ch. cervicicola * | CBS 128492 T | Neck of Homo sapiens Texas, USA | KT214697 | ||||
Ch. citrinum * | CBS 693.82 T | Rice field soil, Tochigi, Japan | KT214730 | NR_144863 | KT214691 | KT214764 | |
Ch. coarctatum * | CBS 162.62 T | Seed of Cappanula medium, St. Petersburg, Russia, | KF001712 | ||||
Ch. cochliodes | SZMC 22473 | T364 | Wall (swab), room, apartment Tatabánya, Hungary | MW556657 | |||
Ch. cochliodes | SZMC 24764 | OT7 ** | Settled dust, office, Helsinki, Finland | MT498103 | |||
Ch. cochliodes | SZMC 26528 | OT7b ** | Settled dust, office, Helsinki, Finland | MT498102 | |||
Ch. cochliodes * | CBS 155.52 T | Animal dung, USA | KF001721 | NR_151835 | KF001811 | KC109772 | |
Ch. contagiosum * | CBS 128494 T | Cornea of Homo sapiens, Northeast USA | KT214694 | NR_144846 | KT214659 | KT214732 | |
Ch. cucumericola * | CBS 378.71 T | Izmir, Turkey | KT214718 | ||||
Ch. elatum * | CBS 374.66 T | Decomposing leaf, Aptos, California, USA | KF001730 | ||||
Ch. elatum * | CBS 142034 T | Cardboard, Denmark | KX976612 | KX976832 | KX976954 | ||
Ch. fimeti * | CBS 139034 T | Soil, Germany | KT214698 | ||||
Ch. globosporum * | CBS 108.83 T | Green leaf of Triticum aestivum, Germany | KF001735 | ||||
Ch. globosum | SZMC 22474 | T365 | Air, hotel, Budapest, Hungary | MW556658 | |||
Ch. globosum | SZMC 22478 | T369 | Air, shop, Szentendre, Hungary | MW556659 | MW541923 | ||
Ch. globosum | SZMC 22481 | T372A | House dust, basement, flat, Budapest, Hungary | MW556660 | |||
Ch. globosum | SZMC 22788 | T428B | Ceiling (swab), apartment, Budapest, Hungary | MW556661 | |||
Ch. globosum | SZMC 23266 | T457D | Under ceramic tiles in a kitchen (swab), apartment, Csepel, Hungary | MW556662 | |||
Ch. globosum | SZMC 23275 | T459A | Air, from gypsum board wall of a children’s room, house, Budapest, Hungary | MW556663 | |||
Ch. globosum | SZMC 23688 | T499 | House dust (swab), living room, apartment, Budapest, Hungary | MW556664 | |||
Ch. globosum | SZMC 24035 | T536A | Wall, kitchen, apartment, Budapest, Hungary | MW556665 | |||
Ch. globosum | SZMC 24451 | C13/LM | Exhaust air filter, school, Vantaa, Finland | MW556666 | |||
Ch. globosum | SZMC 24455 | C22/LM ** | Exhaust air filter, school, Vantaa, Finland | MT498109 | |||
Ch. globosum | SZMC 24456 | MH5 ** | Settled dust, public building, Espoo, Finland | MT498108 | |||
Ch. globosum | SZMC 24464 | MÖ9 ** | Settled dust, piggery, Orimattila, Finland | MT498106 | MW541924 | ||
Ch. globosum | SZMC 24508 | T582D | Garage wall (swab), apartment, Budapest, Hungary | MW556667 | |||
Ch. globosum | SZMC 24765 | 2c/26 | Settled dust, apartment, Vantaa, Finland | MW310244 | |||
Ch. globosum | SZMC 24766 | 2b/26 ** | Settled dust, apartment, Vantaa, Finland | MT498110 | |||
Ch. globosum | SZMC 24768 | C22 | Settled dust, apartment Vantaa, Finland | MW556668 | |||
Ch. globosum | SZMC 24769 | MH52 ** | Settled dust, public building, Espoo, Finland | MT498107 | |||
Ch. globosum | SZMC 24938 | 626C | Wall (swab), living room, house, Kazincbarcika, Hungary | MW556670 | |||
Ch. globosum | SZMC 26530 | Ruk10 ** | Settled dust, apartment, Vantaa, Finland | MT498101 | MW541927 | ||
Ch. globosum | SZMC 26534 | MTAV35 ** | Settled dust, University of Oulu, Finland | ||||
Ch. globosum | SZMC 26539 | 3b/APP | Exhaust air filter, public building, Espoo, Finland | MW588207 | |||
Ch. globosum | SZMC 26845 | T706 | Wall (swab), kitchen, apartment, Budapest, Hungary | MW556672 | |||
Ch. globosum | SZMC 26857 | T711 | Wallpaper (swab), living room, apartment, Budapest, Hungary | MW556673 | |||
Ch. globosum | SZMC 27052 | T730A | On paper packaging, imported from Sri Lanka, swab factory, Pécs, Hungary | MW556674 | |||
Ch. globosum * | CBS 160.62 T | Compost, Germany | KT214704 | NR_144851 | KT214666 | KT214742 | |
Ch. globosum * | MUCL 39526 T | Dead stem of Juncus sp., Hungary | KF001710 | ||||
Ch. globosum * | CBS 666.82 | Unknown | KX976617 | KX976833 | KX976959 | ||
Ch. graminiforme * | CBS 506.84 T | Acer sp., Muskoka District, Ontario, Canada | KT214725 | ||||
Ch. grande * | CBS 126780 T | Leaf of Triticum aestivum, Naghadeh, Iran | KT214692 | ||||
Ch. interruptum | SZMC 23937 | T531B | Under wallpaper (swab), office, Budapest, Hungary | MW588206 | MW301425 | ||
Ch. interruptum * | CBS 126660 T | Seed of Triticum aestivum, Hadishahr East Azerbaijan Province, Iran | KT214703 | KT214564 | KT214665 | ||
Ch. madrasense * | CBS 315.74 T | Rhizosphere of Pennisetum typhoides, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India | KF001741 | ||||
Ch. novozelandicum * | CBS 124555 T | Dead decaying twig, Otaki, New Zealand | KT214715 | ||||
Ch. pilosum * | CBS 335.67 T | Grain of Triticum aestivum, Perth, Western Australia | KT214729 | NR_144862 | FJ666387 | KT214763 | |
Ch. pseudocochliodes * | CGMCC 3.9441 T | Roots of Panax notoginseng, Wenshan, Yunnan Province, China | KF001726 | ||||
Ch. pseudoglobosum * | CBS 574.71 T | Unknown | KT214712 | ||||
Ch. rectangulare | SZMC 26531 | MO13 ** | Settled dust, piggery, Orimattila, Finland | MT498104 | MW541928 | ||
Ch. rectangulare | SZMC 26535 | MO15 ** | Settled dust, piggery, Orimattila, Finland | MT498105 | MW541929 | ||
Ch. rectangulare * | CBS 126778 T | Leaf of Hordeum vulgare, Salmas, West Azerbaijan province, Iran | KT214726 | NR_144817 | HM365285 | KT214688 | |
Ch. spiculipilium * | CBS 373.66 T | Decaying vegetable debris, California, USA | KF001719 | ||||
Ch. spirochaete * | CBS 730.84 T | Animal dung, Great Smokey Mountains, Tennessee, USA | KF001729 | NR_144823 | KF001819 | JN256191 | |
Ch. subaffine * | CBS 637.91 T | Cereal, USSR | KF001727 | ||||
Ch. subfimeti * | CBS 370.66 T | Paper and vegetable material, Cardiff, Wales | KT214701 | NR_144850 | FJ666385 | KT214739 | |
Ch. subglobosum * | CBS 149.60 T | Dead herbaceous stem, St. Petersburg, Russia | KF001718 | ||||
Ch. telluricola * | CBS 151.59 T | Soil, Suffolk, Lakenheath Warren, United Kingdom | KT214723 | ||||
Ch. tenue * | CBS 139.38 T | Unknown | KT214707 | ||||
Ch. umbonatum * | CBS 293.83 T | Soil, Nova Scotia, Canada | KT214714 | ||||
Ch. undulatulum * | CBS 126775 T | Leaf of Hordeum vulgare, Bonab, East Azerbaijan province, Iran | KT214720 | ||||
Ch. unguicola * | CBS 128446 T | Nail of Homo sapiens, Los Angeles, USA | KT214706 | ||||
Ch. megalocarpum * | CBS 149.59 T | Leaf of Ficus carica, Greece | KF001738 | ||||
D. dolichotrichus * | CBS 162.48 T | USA | KC485023 | HM449049 | KX976852 | JF772462 | |
D. erectus * | CBS 140.56 T | Petroselinum sativum, USA | KC485018 | HM449044 | KX976854 | JF772458 | |
D. funicola * | CBS 159.52 T | Germany | KC485013 | GU563369 | KX976856 | JF772461 | |
D. funicola * | CBS 136.38 | Unknown | KX976857 | ||||
D. funicola * | DTO 333-F1 | Dust, outdoors, Denmark | KX976658 | KX976858 | KX977000 | ||
D. fusus * | CBS 372.66 T | Unknown | KM655463 | KM655333 | KX976859 | KX977002 | |
D. indicus * | CGMCC 3.14184 T | Rhizosphere of Panax Notoginseng, Wenshan county, Yunnan Province | KC485005 | GU563367 | KX976861 | JF772453 | |
D. pratensis * | CGMCC 3.14181 T | Soil, Huangnan, Qinghai Province, China | KC485017 | GU563372 | KX976866 | JF772450 | |
D. pseudoerectus * | CBS 252.75 T | Air, Uttar Pradesh, India | NR_147674 | KX976869 | KX977009 | ||
D. pseudofunicola * | CBS 142033 T | Dust, USA | KX976668 | KX976870 | KX977010 | ||
D. ramosissimus * | CGMCC 3.14183 T | Rhizosphere of Panax notoginseng, Wenshan county, Yunnan Province, China | KC485021 | GU563371 | KX976871 | JF772452 | |
D. reflexus * | CBS 157.49 T | Germinating seed, USA | KC485027 | HM449051 | KX976873 | JF772460 | |
D. subfunicola * | CGMCC 3.12892 T | Soil, Shihezi, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China | KC485014 | JX867125 | KX976875 | JX867122 | |
D. subfunicola * | CGMCC 3.9466 | Rhizosphere of Panax notoginseng, Yunnan, China | KC485016 | GU563368 | KX976876 | JF772446 | |
D. subfunicola * | CBS 794.83 | Paper, Switzerland | GU563368 | KX976876 | KX977013 | ||
D. subfunicola * | CBS 812.73 | Pistol belt, New Guinea | KX976670 | KX976877 | KX977012 | ||
D. variostiolatus * | CBS 179.84 | Tarpaulin, New Guinea | NR_147676 | KX976879 | KX977014 | ||
D. variostiolatus * | DTO 319-B9 | Dust, Thailand | KX976674 | KX976881 | KX977016 | ||
D. variostiolatus * | DTO 319-A2 | Dust, USA | KX976673 | KX976880 | KX977015 | ||
Dichotomopilus sp. | SZMC 26527 | C5/LM | Exhaust air filter, school, Vantaa, Finland | MW556671 | MW541925 | MZ665530 | MZ665528 |
Dichotomopilus sp. | SZMC 26529 | Ch1/tu ** | Inlet air filter, public building, Espoo, Finland | MT644127 | MW541926 | MZ665531 | MZ665529 |
Gene | Primer | PCR Condition | |
---|---|---|---|
tef1α |
EF1-728F: CATCGAGAAGTTCGAGAAGG TEF1-LLErev: AACTTGCAGGCAATGTGG | 94 °C 5 min 72 °C 7 min | 40 cycles |
ITS | ITS1: TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG ITS4: TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC | 94 °C 2 min 72 °C 2 min | 35 cycles |
tub2 | BT2a: GGTAACCAAATCGGTGCTGCTTTC BT2b: ACCCTCAGTGTAGTGACCCTTGGC | 94 °C 2 min 72 °C 7 min | 35 cycles |
rpb2 | RPB2 5F_Eur: GAYGAYCGKGAYCAYTTCGG RPB2 7CR_Eur: CCCATRGCYTGYTTRCCCAT | 94 °C 5 min | |
| 5 cycles | ||
| 5 cycles | ||
| 30 cycles | ||
72 °C 7 min |
Partition | Best-Fit Model |
---|---|
rpb2 | TrN + G4 |
tef1α | TIM2 + G4 |
tub2 intron | HKY + G4 |
tub2 exon | TrN + G4 |
rDNA | F81 + G4 |
ITS | TIM2 + G4 |
Indel | BIN + ASC_LEWIS |
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Kedves, O.; Kocsubé, S.; Bata, T.; Andersson, M.A.; Salo, J.M.; Mikkola, R.; Salonen, H.; Szűcs, A.; Kedves, A.; Kónya, Z.; et al. Chaetomium and Chaetomium-like Species from European Indoor Environments Include Dichotomopilus finlandicus sp. nov. Pathogens 2021, 10, 1133. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10091133
Kedves O, Kocsubé S, Bata T, Andersson MA, Salo JM, Mikkola R, Salonen H, Szűcs A, Kedves A, Kónya Z, et al. Chaetomium and Chaetomium-like Species from European Indoor Environments Include Dichotomopilus finlandicus sp. nov. Pathogens. 2021; 10(9):1133. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10091133
Chicago/Turabian StyleKedves, Orsolya, Sándor Kocsubé, Teodóra Bata, Maria A. Andersson, Johanna M. Salo, Raimo Mikkola, Heidi Salonen, Attila Szűcs, Alfonz Kedves, Zoltán Kónya, and et al. 2021. "Chaetomium and Chaetomium-like Species from European Indoor Environments Include Dichotomopilus finlandicus sp. nov." Pathogens 10, no. 9: 1133. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10091133