Survey of Genotype Diversity, Virulence, and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Mastitis-Causing Streptococcus uberis in Dairy Herds Using Whole-Genome Sequencing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Isolates
2.2. Whole-Genome Sequencing
2.2.1. DNA Isolation, Sequencing, and Data Processing
2.2.2. Screening for Virulence Factors
2.2.3. Screening for Antimicrobial Resistance Genes
2.2.4. Multilocus Sequence Typing
2.2.5. Principal Component Analysis and Heatmap
3. Results
3.1. MLST Characterization
3.2. Identification of Virulence Factors
3.3. Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes
3.4. Association of STs with Virulence and AMR Genes
3.5. Phylogeny
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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ST | No of Isolates | No of Farms |
---|---|---|
1135 | 11 | 8 |
307 | 9 | 6 |
1436 | 6 | 5 |
876 | 5 | 4 |
1775 | 4 | 4 |
1745 | 5 | 3 |
914 | 3 | 3 |
1437 | 3 | 3 |
1741 | 3 | 3 |
332 | 2 | 2 |
977 | 2 | 2 |
1440 | 2 | 2 |
1759 | 2 | 2 |
1787 | 2 | 2 |
22 | 2 | 1 |
1441 | 2 | 1 |
Others * | 77 | 58 |
AMR Gene | Substance Concerned | No of Isolates | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|
ant(6)-Ia | Streptomycin | 75 | 53.6 |
cat(pC221) | Chloramphenicol | 2 | 1.4 |
erm(B) | Erythromycin; lincomycin; clindamycin | 6 | 4.3 |
lnu(B) | Lincomycin; clindamycin | 42 | 30 |
lnu(C) | Lincomycin | 24 | 17.1 |
lnu(D) | Lincomycin | 34 | 24.3 |
lsa(E) | Lincomycin; clindamycin; tiamulin | 42 | 30 |
tet(L) | Doxycycline; tetracycline | 32 | 22.9 |
tet(M) | Doxycycline; tetracycline; minocycline | 71 | 50.7 |
tet(O) | Doxycycline; tetracycline; minocycline | 6 | 4.3 |
tet(S) | Doxycycline; tetracycline; minocycline | 2 | 1.4 |
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Zouharová, M.; Matiašovic, J.; Gebauer, J.; Matiašková, K.; Nedbalcová, K. Survey of Genotype Diversity, Virulence, and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Mastitis-Causing Streptococcus uberis in Dairy Herds Using Whole-Genome Sequencing. Pathogens 2023, 12, 1378. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12121378
Zouharová M, Matiašovic J, Gebauer J, Matiašková K, Nedbalcová K. Survey of Genotype Diversity, Virulence, and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Mastitis-Causing Streptococcus uberis in Dairy Herds Using Whole-Genome Sequencing. Pathogens. 2023; 12(12):1378. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12121378
Chicago/Turabian StyleZouharová, Monika, Ján Matiašovic, Jan Gebauer, Katarína Matiašková, and Kateřina Nedbalcová. 2023. "Survey of Genotype Diversity, Virulence, and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Mastitis-Causing Streptococcus uberis in Dairy Herds Using Whole-Genome Sequencing" Pathogens 12, no. 12: 1378. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12121378