Cytomegalovirus in Ulcerative Colitis: An Unwanted “Guest”
Abstract
:1. Background
2. Case Reports
2.1. Case 1
2.2. Case 2
2.3. Case 3
3. Materials and Methods
4. Discussion and Narrative Literature Review
4.1. Why UC?
4.2. Onset and Risk Factors
4.3. Serology
4.4. Endoscopy and Biopsies Prelevation
4.5. Histhological Examination
4.6. Treatment
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Studies by Chronological Order | No. of Patients Type of Study | Main Results |
---|---|---|
Nakase et al. (2014) [2] | Focused review | HCMV infection could spread from perivascular stromal cells to endothelial and epithelial cells |
Kim et al. (2014) [26] | 229 UC patients/83 with HCMV Original article | HCMV antigenemia assays and blood DNA PCR seem to have low sensitivities for diagnosing HCMV colitis in patients with moderate to severe UC |
Skula et al. (2015) [24] | 333 patients UC-HCMV colitis Clinical review article | Antiviral therapy is not required for all patients with UC-HCMV colitis |
Zidar et al. (2015) [27] | 10UC and 2CD/ 12 with HCMV Original article | The highest densities of HCMV-positive cells were found in the base of ulcers (qPCR 10–3809 viral copies/mg) or the edge of ulcers (qPCR 35–1049 viral copies/mg). |
Yangzhen et al. (2015) [28] | Case report | HCMV colitis and UC synchronously developed |
Ciccocioppo et al. (2015) [29] | 24UC, 16CD, and 40 controls /30 with HCMV Original article | Antiviral therapy is more effective in refractory patients with a high viral load |
Gauss et al. (2015) [30] | 297 IBD patients/ 21 with HCMV Original article | HCMV reactivation in patients with risk factors is associated with a longer hospital stay (p < 0.001) |
McCurdy et al. (2015) [31] | 45UC, 21 CD, and 2 undifferentiated colitis/68 with HCMV Original article | HCMV reactivation is associated with refractory disease (OR = 3.69, p < 0.001) and endoscopic ulcers (OR = 2.95, p < 0.001) |
Jones et al. (2015) [32] | 1111 IBD patients/ 68 with HCMV article | Antiviral therapy improved the surgical-free survival outcome |
Hirayama et al. (2016) [10] | 149 UC patients/ 34 with HCMV Original article | Corticosteroid dose > 400 mg for 4 wks, extensive colitis, and a specific endoscopic finding of a punched-out ulcer are risk factors for HCMV colitis |
Pillet et al. (2016) [17] | Review | Antiviral therapy and anti-TNF should be started in patients with risk factors, whatever the density of infection |
Bonta et al. (2016) [20] | 1023 IBD patients/12UC and 2CD with HCMV Original article | All IHC -positive biopsies for HCMV were obtained from inflamed mucosa. The average number of biopsies was eight |
Lee et al. (2016) [33] | 149 patients with acute severe UC (ASUC)/50 with HCMV Original article | Hospitalized patients with ASUC should be appropriately assessed for HCMV colitis. |
Nolan et al. (2017) [7] | Case study | HCMV can affect immunocompetent adults, producing an illness with fever, fatigue, and myaligias |
Paul et al. (2018) [34] | 132 IBD patients/ 41 with HCMV Original article | Dual CMV DNA qPCR (biopsy + plasma) is a better diagnostic method than histopathology and CMV IgM serology. |
Jenzer et al. (2020) [14] | Review | Antiviral therapy combined with anti-TNF should be preferred in cases of moderate or high viral loads |
Mourad et al. (2020) [19] | Review | High-grade HCMV disease indicates that the virus is acting as a pathogen |
Yadav et al. (2020) [35] | Review | UC, HCMV-colitis, and UC-HCMV-colitis are symptomatically and endoscopically similar |
Yokoyama et al. (2020) [36] | Review | In histological negative cases, the quantitative PCR method is a promising alternative approach |
Bonfanti et al. (2020) [37] | Case report | Vedolizumab therapy seems to be associated with a low side-effects profile |
Park et al. (2021) [13] | Review | Anti-TNF agents may be useful for treating HCMV colitis complicating UC |
Qin et al. (2021) [21] | Review | Patients with risk factors should be proactively screened for HCMV reactivation |
Gilmore et al. (2022) [9] | Review | Antiviral therapy should be started in patients with steroid-refractory colitis, particularly where serum viral loads are high or multiple inclusions |
Maresca et al. (2023) [6] | Review | CMV colitis is a possible determinant of a lack of a response to new biological drugs |
Essen et al. (2024) [38] | 81 patients with UC/51 with HCMV Article | The presence of steroid resistance associated with blood HCMV-DNA and IHC positivity increases the specificity of tissue HCMV-DNA positivity. |
Momayaz Sanat et al. (2024) [23] | Review | The approach to HCMV colitis should be based on individualized assessment |
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Share and Cite
Onisor, D.; Brusnic, O.; Mocan, S.; Stoian, M.; Avram, C.; Boicean, A.; Dobru, D. Cytomegalovirus in Ulcerative Colitis: An Unwanted “Guest”. Pathogens 2024, 13, 650. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13080650
Onisor D, Brusnic O, Mocan S, Stoian M, Avram C, Boicean A, Dobru D. Cytomegalovirus in Ulcerative Colitis: An Unwanted “Guest”. Pathogens. 2024; 13(8):650. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13080650
Chicago/Turabian StyleOnisor, Danusia, Olga Brusnic, Simona Mocan, Mircea Stoian, Calin Avram, Adrian Boicean, and Daniela Dobru. 2024. "Cytomegalovirus in Ulcerative Colitis: An Unwanted “Guest”" Pathogens 13, no. 8: 650. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13080650