Differences of Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness by Country: Likely Causes and Contributing Factors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Rotavirus Structure and Classification
3. Rotavirus Replication Cycle
4. Rotavirus Pathogenesis
5. Rotavirus Molecular Epidemiology
6. Immune Responses to Rotavirus Infection/Vaccination
7. Prevention of Rotavirus Disease by Vaccination
8. Differences in Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness: Causes and Contributing Factors
8.1. Malnutrition
8.1.1. Zinc Deficiency
8.1.2. Avitaminoses
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
8.2. Gut Microbiota
8.3. Co-Infections
8.4. Immaturity/Functional Reduction of the Infant’s Immune System
8.5. Environmental Enteropathy
8.6. Passive Transfer of Maternal Antibodies
8.6.1. Rotavirus Antibody Transferred to Infants in Breast Milk
8.6.2. Transplacentally Acquired Maternal RV Specific Antibodies
8.7. Genetic Factors
9. Outlook and Future Research
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Desselberger, U. Differences of Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness by Country: Likely Causes and Contributing Factors. Pathogens 2017, 6, 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens6040065
Desselberger U. Differences of Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness by Country: Likely Causes and Contributing Factors. Pathogens. 2017; 6(4):65. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens6040065
Chicago/Turabian StyleDesselberger, Ulrich. 2017. "Differences of Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness by Country: Likely Causes and Contributing Factors" Pathogens 6, no. 4: 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens6040065