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Pathogens
Volume 9
Issue 12
10.3390/pathogens9121071
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Article

The Control of Zoonotic Soil-Transmitted Helminthoses Using Saprophytic Fungi

by
Cándido Viña
,
María Isabel Silva
,
Antonio Miguel Palomero
,
Mathilde Voinot
,
María Vilá
,
José Ángel Hernández
,
Adolfo Paz-Silva
*,
Rita Sánchez-Andrade
,
Cristiana Filipa Cazapal-Monteiro
and
María Sol Arias
Control of Parasites Research Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27142 Lugo, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pathogens 2020, 9(12), 1071; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9121071
Submission received: 8 November 2020 / Revised: 17 December 2020 / Accepted: 18 December 2020 / Published: 21 December 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention of Soil-Borne Parasites)
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Abstract

Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are parasites transmitted through contact with soil contaminated with their infective eggs/larvae. People are infected by exposure to human-specific species or animal species (zoonotic agents). Fecal samples containing eggs of Ascaris suum or Lemurostrongylus sp. were sprayed with spores of the soil saprophytic filamentous fungi Clonostachys rosea (CR) and Trichoderma atrobrunneum (TA). The antagonistic effect was assessed by estimating the viability of eggs and their developmental rate. Compared to the controls (unexposed to fungi), the viability of the eggs of A. suum was halved in CR and decreased by two thirds in TA, while the viability of the eggs of Lemurostrongylus sp. was reduced by one quarter and one third in CR and TA treatments, respectively. The Soil Contamination Index (SCI), defined as the viable eggs that attained the infective stage, reached the highest percentages for A. suum in the controls after four weeks (66%), with 21% in CL and 11% in TA. For Lemurostrongylus sp., the values were 80%, 49%, and 41% for control, CR and TA treatments, respectively. We concluded that spreading spores of C. rosea or T. atrobrunneum directly onto the feces of animal species represents a sustainable approach under a One Health context to potentially reduce the risk of zoonotic STHs in humans.
Keywords: soil-transmitted helminths; zoonoses; parasiticide fungi; one health soil-transmitted helminths; zoonoses; parasiticide fungi; one health
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MDPI and ACS Style

Viña, C.; Silva, M.I.; Palomero, A.M.; Voinot, M.; Vilá, M.; Hernández, J.Á.; Paz-Silva, A.; Sánchez-Andrade, R.; Cazapal-Monteiro, C.F.; Arias, M.S. The Control of Zoonotic Soil-Transmitted Helminthoses Using Saprophytic Fungi. Pathogens 2020, 9, 1071. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9121071

AMA Style

Viña C, Silva MI, Palomero AM, Voinot M, Vilá M, Hernández JÁ, Paz-Silva A, Sánchez-Andrade R, Cazapal-Monteiro CF, Arias MS. The Control of Zoonotic Soil-Transmitted Helminthoses Using Saprophytic Fungi. Pathogens. 2020; 9(12):1071. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9121071

Chicago/Turabian Style

Viña, Cándido, María Isabel Silva, Antonio Miguel Palomero, Mathilde Voinot, María Vilá, José Ángel Hernández, Adolfo Paz-Silva, Rita Sánchez-Andrade, Cristiana Filipa Cazapal-Monteiro, and María Sol Arias. 2020. "The Control of Zoonotic Soil-Transmitted Helminthoses Using Saprophytic Fungi" Pathogens 9, no. 12: 1071. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9121071

APA Style

Viña, C., Silva, M. I., Palomero, A. M., Voinot, M., Vilá, M., Hernández, J. Á., Paz-Silva, A., Sánchez-Andrade, R., Cazapal-Monteiro, C. F., & Arias, M. S. (2020). The Control of Zoonotic Soil-Transmitted Helminthoses Using Saprophytic Fungi. Pathogens, 9(12), 1071. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9121071

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