LC-QTOF-MS and 1H NMR Metabolomics Verifies Potential Use of Greater Omentum for Klebsiella pneumoniae Biofilm Eradication in Rats
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Design of the Experiment, Animal Handling and Sample Collection
3.2. LC–QTOF–MS Analysis and Data Treatment
3.2.1. Sample Preparation
3.2.2. LC–QTOF Analysis
3.2.3. LC–QTOF Data Treatment
3.3. 1H NMR Analysis and Signal Assignment
3.4. Statistical Analysis
3.5. Metabolites Identification
3.6. Quantitative Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Figure | Comparison | R2 Value | Q2 Value | CV ANOVA p-Value | Model Significance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Figure 4a | SO vs. C | 0.976 | 0.804 | 2.40 × 10−1 | No |
Figure 4b | SP vs. C | 0.999 | 0.93 | 1.20 × 10−2 | Yes |
Figure 4c | SO + SP vs. C | 0.955 | 0.739 | 1.17 × 10−2 | Yes |
Figure 4d | IO vs. C | 0.984 | 0.903 | 9.04 × 10−4 | Yes |
Figure 4e | IP vs. C | 0.974 | 0.792 | 1.69 × 10−3 | Yes |
Figure 4f | IO + IP vs. C | 0.963 | 0.913 | 6.44 × 10−9 | Yes |
Figure 4g | IO vs. SO | 0.975 | 0.773 | 1.84 × 10−2 | Yes |
Figure 4h | IP vs. SP | 0.954 | 0.354 | 3.57 × 10−1 | No |
Figure 4i | IO + IP vs. SO + SP | 0.790 | 0.382 | 3.50 × 10−2 | Yes |
Day | d0 | d2 | d5 | d0 | d2 | d5 | d0 | d2 | d5 | d0 | d2 | d5 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Groups | IO_SO | IO_SO | IO_SO | IP_SP | IP_SP | IP_SP | IO_IP | IO_IP | IO_IP | SO_SP | SO_SP | SO_SP | ||||||||||||
TCA CYCLE, CoA Biosynthesis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
N-acetylaspartate (p, a) | 5% | - | 33% | - | −33% | - | 12% | - | 7% | - | 18% | - | −22% | - | −12% | - | −14% | - | −17% | - | −30% | - | 52% | - |
L−Lactic acid (m) | −88% | ** | −83% | - | 138% | - | 89% | * | 30% | - | 98% | - | −12% | - | 302% | - | 16% | - | 1259% | ** | 1245% | ** | 209% | - |
Formic acid (m) | −38% | - | −83% | ** | −79% | - | −63% | ** | −22% | - | 166% | - | 13% | - | −5% | - | 35% | - | −55% | - | 36% | - | 325% | * |
Acetic acid (m) | −82% | ** | −93% | - | −62% | - | 18% | * | −7% | - | 271% | - | 11% | - | 208% | - | 40% | - | 575% | ** | 424% | * | 569% | * |
Pyruvic acid (m) | −15% | * | −38% | - | −14% | - | 8% | - | 2% | - | 42% | - | 15% | - | 26% | * | 58% | - | 62% | ** | 66% | * | 70% | * |
Citric acid (m) | 14% | - | 474% | - | 313% | - | 1% | - | 1% | - | −36% | - | 20% | - | 18% | - | 4% | - | 36% | * | 30% | - | −77% | * |
alpha-ketoglutaric acid (m) | 60% | - | 68% | - | 53% | - | 8% | - | 19% | - | −2% | - | 45% | - | 52% | - | 84% | * | 76% | ** | 60% | - | 19% | - |
cis-Aconitic acid (m) | 7% | - | 6% | - | 159% | - | −23% | - | 4% | - | −7% | - | 26% | - | 6% | - | 30% | - | −19% | - | −3% | - | 12% | - |
trans-Aconitic acid (m) | 18% | * | 33% | - | −27% | - | 8% | - | −3% | - | 7% | - | 0% | - | 3% | - | −7% | - | −15% | * | −10% | - | −3% | - |
Succinic acid (m) | −38% | - | −66% | - | −16% | - | −24% | - | −9% | - | 27% | - | 52% | * | 50% | * | 136% | * | 65% | - | 61% | - | 263% | * |
Succinic acid semialdehyde (n, a) | −20% | - | −10% | - | 178% | * | 69% | - | 45% | - | 10% | - | 21% | - | 43% | - | 81% | - | 155% | * | 128% | - | −29% | - |
Fumaric acid (m) | 159% | - | 331% | - | 387% | - | −14% | - | −6% | - | −27% | - | 40% | - | 57% | - | −23% | - | −39% | - | −22% | - | −69% | * |
Malic acid (n, a) | 42% | - | 64% | * | 25% | - | −2% | - | 2% | - | −29% | - | 15% | - | 58% | * | 53% | - | −21% | - | −2% | - | −12% | - |
AMINO ACIDS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pyroglutamic acid (n, b) | −11% | - | 38% | - | 21% | - | 4% | - | −10% | - | −13% | - | −26% | - | 14% | - | 51% | - | −14% | - | −25% | - | 9% | - |
L-Alanine (m) | −49% | ** | −89% | - | −63% | ** | −9% | - | 9% | - | 138% | - | 8% | - | 40% | - | 0% | - | 59% | * | 152% | * | 514% | * |
TRYPTOPHAN METABOLISM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tryptophyl-Glutamate (n, b) | 14% | - | −12% | - | −22% | - | −3% | - | 29% | - | −4% | - | 46% | - | 31% | - | 42% | - | 25% | - | 92% | * | 75% | - |
Indoxyl sulfate (n, a) | −18% | - | −17% | - | 5% | - | −30% | - | 68% | - | 1% | - | 18% | - | −16% | - | 37% | - | 1% | - | 71% | - | 33% | - |
HIPPURATE BIOSYNTHESIS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Benzoic acid (m) | −83% | ** | −76% | - | −21% | - | 33% | - | 8% | - | 70% | - | 44% | - | 258% | * | 0% | - | 1419% | ** | 857% | ** | 173% | * |
Glycine (m) | −74% | ** | −68% | - | 38% | - | 39% | * | −7% | - | 39% | - | 8% | - | 155% | - | −2% | - | 639% | ** | 426% | * | 113% | - |
Hippuric acid (m) | 310% | ** | 877% | - | 442% | - | −11% | - | −13% | - | −56% | - | −21% | - | −21% | - | 10% | - | −93% | ** | −81% | ** | −91% | * |
CHOLINE, LIPID METABOLISM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Choline (p, a) | −8% | - | −67% | * | −7% | - | 54% | - | 4% | - | 228% | - | 45% | - | −24% | * | 22% | - | 145% | * | 139% | * | 333% | - |
Betaine (m) | 7% | - | −34% | - | −19% | - | −18% | - | −8% | - | −5% | - | 15% | - | −4% | - | 46% | - | 21% | - | 24% | * | 5% | - |
Creatinine (p, a) | 48% | - | 5% | - | 82% | - | 4% | - | −20% | - | 8% | - | −3% | - | 18% | - | −16% | - | −32% | - | −11% | - | −50% | * |
Phosphorylcholine (p, b) | 52% | - | 36% | - | 243% | - | −32% | - | −27% | - | −49% | - | 2% | - | 14% | - | 27% | - | −55% | - | −39% | - | −81% | - |
Tetrahydrofolic acid (n, b) | 1% | - | 1% | - | 66% | - | 139% | * | −4% | - | 10% | - | −34% | - | −9% | - | 48% | - | 56% | - | −14% | - | −2% | - |
ACYL GLYCINES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Isonicotinylglycine (p, a) | 126% | ** | 75% | - | na | - | −41% | * | −16% | - | −54% | - | 33% | - | 8% | - | −51% | - | −65% | * | −48% | - | na | - |
Phenylacetylglycine (p, a) | 55% | - | 38% | - | 1041% | - | −35% | - | 40% | - | −41% | - | 17% | - | −23% | - | −1% | - | −51% | - | −22% | - | −95% | * |
3-Hydroxyhippuric acid (n, a) | 78% | - | 129% | * | 683% | - | 12% | - | −1% | - | 65% | - | −2% | - | 4% | * | 21% | - | −39% | - | −55% | - | −74% | - |
HORMONES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tetrahydrocortisone (p, b) | 16% | - | 18% | - | −8% | - | 33% | - | 44% | * | −7% | - | −18% | - | −13% | - | −4% | - | −6% | - | 6% | - | −2% | - |
Dihydrocortisol (p, b) | 56% | - | 34% | - | −47% | - | 5% | - | 20% | - | −46% | - | 9% | - | −18% | - | −6% | - | −27% | - | −27% | - | −4% | - |
DIETARY METABOLITES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taurine (p, a) | 12% | - | −23% | - | 80% | - | −30% | - | 26% | - | −12% | - | −1% | - | −24% | - | −22% | - | −38% | - | 24% | - | −62% | * |
Indolylacryloylglycine (n, a) | -4% | - | 7% | - | 103% | - | −18% | - | −17% | - | −10% | - | 46% | - | 41% | - | 36% | - | 25% | - | 9% | - | −40% | - |
kamlolenic acid (p, b) | 143% | - | −8% | - | 25% | - | 35% | - | 34% | - | 160% | - | 19% | - | 7% | - | −4% | - | −34% | - | 56% | - | 99% | - |
Xylitol (+Ribitol) (n, a) | 16% | - | −1% | - | 73% | - | 15% | - | 35% | - | 5% | - | −1% | - | −19% | - | 11% | - | −2% | - | 11% | - | −32% | - |
Stachyose (n, a) | 13% | - | −40% | * | −61% | - | 648% | - | 17% | - | −1% | - | −58% | - | −27% | * | −32% | - | 176% | * | 42% | - | 73% | - |
POLYPHENOLS INTAKE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phenol sulphate (n, a) | 10% | - | −8% | - | 60% | - | −46% | * | 6% | - | −52% | * | 34% | - | 0% | - | 11% | - | −34% | - | 16% | - | −66% | * |
Tyrosol 4-sulfate (n, b) | 5% | - | −15% | - | −12% | - | −10% | - | −32% | - | −40% | - | −17% | - | 12% | - | 73% | - | −28% | - | −11% | - | 17% | - |
Pyrocatechol sulphate (n, a) | −5% | - | 37% | * | −14% | - | −36% | ** | −8% | - | −14% | - | 2% | - | 0% | * | −11% | - | −31% | * | −33% | * | −11% | - |
URIC ACID | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allantoin (n, a) | 29% | - | 5% | - | 58% | - | 45% | * | 12% | - | −20% | - | 5% | - | 1% | - | 14% | - | 19% | - | 8% | - | −42% | - |
CAFFEIC ACID FERRULIC ACID | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Caffeic acid 3-sulfate / Caffeic acid 4-sulfate (p, a) | −13% | - | −1% | - | −15% | - | −24% | * | −15% | - | 36% | - | 10% | - | 30% | - | 5% | - | −4% | - | 11% | - | 69% | - |
Dihydrocaffeic acid 3-sulfate (n, a) | 56% | - | 51% | - | −4% | - | −35% | * | −24% | - | −44% | * | 15% | - | 4% | - | 22% | - | −52% | * | −48% | * | −28% | - |
Ferulic acid (n, a) | 71% | * | 19% | - | −4% | - | −40% | ** | −4% | - | −34% | - | 0% | - | 0% | - | 35% | - | −65% | * | −20% | - | −7% | - |
Ferulic acid 4-O-sulfate (n, b) | 39% | - | 31% | - | 0% | - | −44% | * | −24% | - | −35% | - | −10% | - | 28% | - | 29% | - | −64% | * | −26% | - | −17% | - |
Dihydroferulic acid (n, a) | −54% | - | 60% | - | 56% | - | 56% | - | 6% | - | −27% | - | 9% | - | 480% | - | 134% | - | 270% | - | 284% | * | 10% | - |
Ferrulic acid 4-O-glucuronide (n, a) | 175% | ** | 31% | - | 159% | - | −18% | - | 10% | - | −75% | - | 17% | - | 4% | - | 41% | - | −65% | - | −13% | - | −86% | - |
Dihydrocaffeic acid 3-O-glucuronide (n, b) | 88% | - | 34% | - | 8274% | - | −27% | - | −26% | * | −31% | - | 21% | - | −27% | - | 0% | - | −52% | * | −60% | * | −99% | - |
Dihydroferulic acid 4-O-glucuronide (n, b) | 96% | - | 60% | - | 642% | - | −27% | * | −11% | - | −41% | - | 21% | - | −14% | - | 90% | - | −55% | * | −52% | * | −85% | - |
Dihydroferuloylglycine (p, b) | 229% | - | −5% | - | 144% | - | −48% | - | 5% | - | −29% | - | 57% | - | 29% | - | 130% | - | −75% | * | 43% | - | −33% | - |
OTHER METABOLITES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Urea (m) | 15% | - | −14% | - | 3065% | - | −25% | * | 7% | - | −28% | - | 10% | - | −7% | - | 53% | - | −32% | ** | −12% | - | 15% | - |
Histamine (p, a) | 36% | - | 27% | - | 52% | - | −30% | - | 24% | - | −39% | * | 16% | - | 9% | - | 13% | - | −40% | - | 7% | - | −55% | - |
17,21-Dihydroxypregnenolone (p, b) | 78% | - | 91% | - | −3% | - | −9% | - | 121% | - | 11% | - | −7% | - | −24% | - | −25% | - | −53% | - | −13% | - | −14% | - |
Isohomovanillic acid (n, a) | 11% | - | 30% | - | −18% | - | −14% | - | 18% | - | −20% | - | 15% | - | 79% | - | 31% | - | −11% | - | 63% | - | 28% | - |
4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (n, a) | −30% | - | 0% | - | −20% | - | −21% | - | 21% | - | −16% | - | 44% | * | 15% | - | −11% | - | 62% | - | 39% | - | −7% | - |
3-Hydroxydodecanedioic acid (n, b) | −6% | - | −27% | - | −35% | - | −3% | - | 1% | - | −2% | - | 47% | - | 25% | - | 24% | - | 51% | * | 73% | - | 86% | * |
3-Hydroxyisoheptanoic acid / Ethyl 2-hydroxyisovalerate (n, b) | 15% | - | −13% | - | −14% | - | 66% | - | 51% | - | 61% | - | −12% | - | 24% | - | 2% | - | 27% | - | 116% | * | 90% | - |
O-methoxycatechol-O-sulphate (n, b) | 10% | - | 7% | - | −17% | - | −47% | ** | 10% | - | −50% | - | 18% | - | −13% | - | −5% | - | −43% | * | −11% | - | −42% | - |
Trigonelline (m) | 30% | * | −9% | - | 8% | - | −16% | - | −22% | - | −11% | - | 0% | - | 8% | - | 10% | - | −34% | ** | −29% | ** | 0% | - |
Oxolan-3-one (n, a) | 35% | * | 20% | * | 3% | - | −10% | - | 9% | - | −6% | - | 11% | - | 8% | * | 10% | - | −26% | * | −2% | - | 1% | - |
N-Acetyl-7-O-acetylneuraminic acid (n, a) | 100% | - | −49% | - | 7% | - | −8% | - | −1% | - | 46% | - | 136% | - | −21% | - | 33% | - | 9% | - | 53% | - | 81% | - |
Ethanol (m) | −2% | - | −32% | - | −9% | - | 19% | - | 3% | - | 65% | - | −10% | - | 2% | - | 38% | - | 3% | - | 1% | - | 42% | * |
2-Octenedioic acid / cis-4-Octenedioic acid / trans-3-Octenedioic acid (n, b) | −7% | - | 40% | - | 74% | - | 152% | * | 19% | - | 24% | - | −17% | - | 2% | - | 44% | - | 126% | * | −14% | - | 2% | - |
beta-D-Mannosylphosphodecaprenol (n, b) | −68% | ** | −45% | * | −5% | - | 141% | * | 37% | - | 101% | * | −41% | - | 22% | * | −11% | - | 345% | * | 202% | * | 89% | - |
Number of Urine Samples | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Implant | Place of Implant Grafting | Name of the Group | Initial Number of Rats | Day 0 | Day 2 | Day 5 | Day 9 | Day 14 | Day 30 |
Sterile | Peritoneum | SP | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
Sterile | Omentum | SO | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
Colonized | Peritoneum | IP | 10 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 |
Colonized | Omentum | IO | 10 | 10 | 10 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 2 |
- | No surgery | C | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
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Teul, J.; Deja, S.; Celińska-Janowicz, K.; Ząbek, A.; Młynarz, P.; Barć, P.; Junka, A.; Smutnicka, D.; Bartoszewicz, M.; Pałka, J.; et al. LC-QTOF-MS and 1H NMR Metabolomics Verifies Potential Use of Greater Omentum for Klebsiella pneumoniae Biofilm Eradication in Rats. Pathogens 2020, 9, 399. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9050399
Teul J, Deja S, Celińska-Janowicz K, Ząbek A, Młynarz P, Barć P, Junka A, Smutnicka D, Bartoszewicz M, Pałka J, et al. LC-QTOF-MS and 1H NMR Metabolomics Verifies Potential Use of Greater Omentum for Klebsiella pneumoniae Biofilm Eradication in Rats. Pathogens. 2020; 9(5):399. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9050399
Chicago/Turabian StyleTeul, Joanna, Stanisław Deja, Katarzyna Celińska-Janowicz, Adam Ząbek, Piotr Młynarz, Piotr Barć, Adam Junka, Danuta Smutnicka, Marzenna Bartoszewicz, Jerzy Pałka, and et al. 2020. "LC-QTOF-MS and 1H NMR Metabolomics Verifies Potential Use of Greater Omentum for Klebsiella pneumoniae Biofilm Eradication in Rats" Pathogens 9, no. 5: 399. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9050399