Load Torque Component Extraction and Analysis of Ultra-High-Speed Electric Air Compressors for Fuel Cell Vehicles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- Considering the uneven distribution of gas density in the UHSEAC, the fluid model of the UHSEAC is established, the energy variation of the UHSEAC is analyzed, and the load torque component is extracted.
- (2)
- By selecting the working speed and torque of the UHSEAC, the control single variable method is used to analyze the influence of speed and torque on the UHSEAC, and the variation law of the load torque component under UHSOC is revealed.
2. Modeling and Verification
2.1. Fluid Model
2.2. Experimental Verification
- (1)
- Adjust the opening of the back pressure valve to 36% (known to be greater than the surge opening of the UHSEAC), open the data sending window of the upper computer software, and send the target speed;
- (2)
- Set the sensor acquisition period to 20 ms in the upper computer software, and start data reading after the speed of the air compressor is stable;
- (3)
- The inlet and outlet pressures and flow rates collected during the experiment are saved in the computer;
- (4)
- Continue to set the next target speed and repeat the above steps.
3. Load Torque Component Extraction
4. Load Torque Component Analysis
4.1. Speed Characteristic
4.2. Torque Characteristic
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- Under constant torque, as the speed of the UHSEAC increases, the inlet mass flow rate decreases. This weakens the airflow impact on the impeller’s leading edge, reducing the pressure difference and consequently decreasing the amplitude of the load torque component. At 70,000 rpm, the inlet mass flow is the highest, with a load torque component amplitude of 0.033 N·m and a frequency of 15,166 Hz. At 90,000 rpm, the inlet mass flow is the lowest, resulting in a load torque component amplitude of 0.023 N·m and a frequency of 17,333 Hz. This shows that with increasing speed under UHSOC, the amplitude of load torque component decreases while the frequency increases.
- (2)
- Under constant speed, as the torque of the UHSEAC increases, the inlet mass flow rate increases. This intensifies the airflow impact on the impeller’s leading edge, creating a larger pressure difference and consequently increasing the amplitude of the load torque component. When the torque is 1.3 N·m, the inlet mass flow rate is the smallest, resulting in a load torque component amplitude of 0.023 N·m and a frequency of 17,333 Hz. When the torque is 1.7 N·m, the inlet mass flow rate is the largest, resulting in a load torque component amplitude of 0.039 N·m and the same frequency of 17,333 Hz. This shows that with increasing torque under UHSOC, the amplitude of load torque component increases while the frequency remains unchanged.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Content | Model |
---|---|
State equation | Ideal gas |
Energy | Separation energy |
Time | Unsteady |
Rapids | K-omega turbulence |
Parameter | Value | Unit |
---|---|---|
Rated power | 22 | kW |
Rated voltage | 380 | V |
Rated speed | 80,000 | rpm |
Pole pairs | 1 | |
Number of slots | 24 | |
Stator inner diameter | 36.85 | mm |
Stator outer diameter | 82 | mm |
Stator length | 70 | mm |
Stacking Coefficient | 0.85 | |
Rotor inner diameter | 5.85 | mm |
Rotor outer diameter | 35.85 | mm |
Rotor shaft length | 70 | mm |
Magnet thickness | 6 | mm |
Magnet span | 60 |
Condition | Parameter | Speed (rpm) | Value | Frequency | Maximum Amplitude |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
fixed outlet pressure | air flow rate | 70,000 | 79.241 g/s | 15,166 Hz | 0.362 g/s |
80,000 | 92.690 g/s | 17,333 Hz | 0.460 g/s | ||
90,000 | 111.071 g/s | 19,500 Hz | 0.612 g/s | ||
fixed air flow rate | outlet pressure | 70,000 | 203.488 kPa | 15,166 Hz | 0.920 kPa |
80,000 | 248.402 kPa | 17,333 Hz | 1.240 kPa | ||
90,000 | 305.534 kPa | 19,500 Hz | 1.681 kPa |
Parameter | Value | Unit |
---|---|---|
Cross-sectional areas of entrance, S1 | 2.132 × 10−3 | m2 |
Cross-sectional areas of exit, S2 | 1.479 × 10−3 | m2 |
Heights of gas inlet, Z1 | 0 | m |
Heights of gas outlet, Z2 | 0.101 | m |
Installation angle of the FSI, β1 | 40 | deg |
Installation angle of the SSI, β2 | 54 | deg |
Nominal diameter of the FSI, D1 | 7.598 × 10−2 | m2 |
Nominal diameter of the SSI, D2 | 7.250 × 10−2 | m2 |
Loss coefficient, λc | 1.500 × 10−2 | |
Wheel resistance loss coefficient, βdf | 2.000 × 10−2 | |
Friction resistance coefficient, λ | 1.900 × 10−2 | |
Average equivalent diameter of the volute flow passage, dh | 4.531 × 10−2 | m |
Length of process, l | 0.384 | m |
Number of impeller blades, b | 13 |
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Zhou, J.; Shu, X.; Zhang, J.; Yi, F.; Hu, D.; Zhang, C.; Li, Y. Load Torque Component Extraction and Analysis of Ultra-High-Speed Electric Air Compressors for Fuel Cell Vehicles. Actuators 2024, 13, 320. https://doi.org/10.3390/act13080320
Zhou J, Shu X, Zhang J, Yi F, Hu D, Zhang C, Li Y. Load Torque Component Extraction and Analysis of Ultra-High-Speed Electric Air Compressors for Fuel Cell Vehicles. Actuators. 2024; 13(8):320. https://doi.org/10.3390/act13080320
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhou, Jiaming, Xing Shu, Jinming Zhang, Fengyan Yi, Donghai Hu, Caizhi Zhang, and Yanzhao Li. 2024. "Load Torque Component Extraction and Analysis of Ultra-High-Speed Electric Air Compressors for Fuel Cell Vehicles" Actuators 13, no. 8: 320. https://doi.org/10.3390/act13080320