Bacillus spp. Isolated from Miang as Potential Probiotics in Nile Tilapia Culture—In Vitro Research
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Bacterial Strains and Culture Condition
2.2. Screening for Bacillus Strain with Antimicrobial Activity against Fish Pathogens
2.3. Bacteriocin Producing Test by Agar-Well Diffusion Assay
2.4. Acid and Bile Salt Tolerance Tests
2.5. Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis
2.6. Antibiotic Susceptibility Test of the Selected Bacillus Species
2.7. Time Course Study of Growth and Antimicrobial Activity of the Selected Strains
2.8. Tannin Tolerance Ability Test
2.9. Protease-Producing Capability of Selected Bacillus Strains
2.10. Polysaccharide Degrading Enzymes Producing Capability of Selected Bacillus Strains
2.11. In Vitro Evaluation of Polysaccharases and Proteases Activities against Fish Feed Substrate
2.12. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Screening of Anti-Fish Pathogen Bacillus Strain by Soft Agar Overlay Technique
3.2. Bacteriocin-Producing Test by Agar-Well Diffusion Assay
3.3. Acid and Bile Salt Tolerances Test
3.4. Bacterial Identification and Phylogenetic Relationships
3.5. Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of the Potential Probiotic Bacillus Species
3.6. Time Course of Growth and Antimicrobial Activity of the Selected Strains
3.7. Proteolytic Activity of the Bacillus Species
3.8. Polysaccharide Degrading Enzyme Production of the Selected Bacillus Species
3.9. Tannin Tolerance Determination
3.10. Evaluation of Polysaccharases and Proteases Activities on Feed Polysaccharides and Proteins
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bacillus Strains | Antimicrobial Zone of Inhibition (mm) | |
---|---|---|
A. Hydrophila | S. Agalactiae | |
K2.1 | 17.7 ± 0.21 d | 18.2 ± 0.28 d |
K6.1 | 17.3 ± 0.35 d | 19.8 ± 0.28 c |
K7.1 | 19.5 ± 0.71 b | 20.3 ± 0.35 bc |
K9.1 | 18.1 ± 0.14 cd | 10.5 ± 0.71 h |
K10.3 | 12.3 ± 0.28 f | 8.0 ± 0.10 i |
K10.4 | 12.2 ± 0.28 f | 6.8 ± 0.35 j |
K13.3 | 6.6 ± 0.57 k | 12.7 ± 0.42 g |
K14.4 | 7.6 ± 0.07 j | 21.5 ± 0.71 ab |
K15.2 | 6.3 ± 0.35 k | 17.8 ± 0.35 d |
K15.4 | 15.7 ± 0.28 e | 20.9 ± 0.14 abc |
K16.4 | 7.9 ± 0.50 ij | 15.6 ± 0.64 e |
K18.3 | 8.9 ± 0.21 hi | 14.3 ± 0.35 f |
K19.1 | 9.3 ± 0.35 gh | 21.8 ± 0.28 a |
K21.3 | 10.3 ± 0.42 g | 6.7 ± 0.50 j |
K22.6 | 18.9 ± 0.21 bc | 17.1 ± 0.42 d |
K27.2 | 20.6 ± 0.50 a | 8.2 ± 0.21 i |
K29.2 | 20.1 ± 0.28 bc | 18.3 ± 0.42 d |
Bacillus Strains | Survival Rate (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|
pH 2 | pH 3 | Bile Salt 0.3% | |
K2.1 | 28.3 ± 1.16 def | 54.7 ± 1.00 e | 90.4 ± 1.53 bc |
K6.1 | 30.6 ± 3.00 de | 56.7 ± 0.58 e | 93.3 ± 2.31 abc |
K7.1 | 28.9 ± 3.51 def | 44.8 ± 3.61 gh | 94.0 ± 1.00 ab |
K9.1 | 25.5 ± 2.43 efg | 41.5 ± 1.59 h | 92.4 ± 2.31 abc |
K10.3 | 20.9 ± 0.98 fg | 53.8 ± 2.11 ef | 88.1 ± 3.94 bc |
K10.4 | 24.3 ± 3.07 efg | 56.7 ± 3.44 e | 86.1 ± 2.71 c |
K13.3 | 31.6 ± 1.57 de | 60.3 ± 2.57 de | 90.4 ± 1.97 bc |
K14.4 | 18.8 ± 2.49 g | 46.7 ± 3.05 gh | 87.3 ± 3.42 bc |
K15.2 | 40.4 ± 2.27 c | 65.2 ± 2.83 cde | 94.2 ± 2.45 ab |
K15.4 | 64.7 ± 4.73 ab | 72.7 ± 1.16 b | 99.0 ± 0.58 a |
K16.4 | 29.5 ± 4.73 de | 52.1 ± 2.43 f | 90.2 ± 2.31 bc |
K18.3 | 25.9 ± 3.22 efg | 40.6 ± 1.89 h | 85.9 ± 2.73 c |
K19.1 | 30.0 ± 2.46 de | 44.0 ± 2.01 gh | 88.8 ± 2.06 bc |
K21.3 | 36.1 ± 1.77 cd | 50.5 ± 1.39 fg | 89.6 ± 3.03 bc |
K22.6 | 64.3 ± 1.00 b | 71.4 ± 2.08 bc | 90.3 ± 3.05 bc |
K27.2 | 31.1 ± 2.88 de | 52.5 ± 4.01 f | 91.4 ± 3.95 abc |
K29.2 | 72.9 ± 2.52 a | 80.9 ± 2.00 a | 98.4 ± 0.58 a |
Bacillus Strains | Closest Species | Similarity (%) | Nucleotide (bp) | Accession Number |
---|---|---|---|---|
K2.1 | B. tequilensis KCTC 13622 | 99.93 | 1449 | OR534569 |
K6.1 | B. tequilensis KCTC 13622 | 99.93 | 1449 | OR534570 |
K7.1 | B. tequilensis KCTC 13622 | 100.00 | 1450 | OR534571 |
K15.4 | B. tequilensis KCTC 13622 | 99.59 | 1460 | OR534572 |
K22.6 | B. tequilensis KCTC 13622 | 99.93 | 1450 | OR534573 |
K29.2 | B. siamensis KCTC 13613 | 99.93 | 1459 | OR534574 |
Antibiotics in 10 µg/mL | Antibiotics Inhibitory Zone Diameter (mm) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
K2.1 | K6.1 | K7.1 | K15.4 | K22.6 | K29.2 | |
Erythromycin | 31.5 ± 2.10 b | 34.5 ± 0.70 a | 30.5 ± 0.70 b | 32.0 ± 1.40 b | 29.5 ± 0.70 b | 31.0 ± 1.40 b |
Chloramphenicol | 33.5 ± 0.70 a | 35.0 ± 1.40 a | 29.0 ± 1.00 b | 26.5 ± 0.70 c | 30.3 ± 1.00 b | 29.8 ± 0.30 b |
Streptomycin | 17.3 ± 1.10 b | 9.3 ± 0.40 c | 10.5 ± 0.70 c | 8.3 ± 1.10 c | 15.0 ± 3.00 b | 22.8 ± 1.10 a |
Kanamycin | 24.5 ± 0.70 a | 25.8 ± 0.40 a | 11.5 ± 0.07 d | 14.3 ± 0.40 c | 22.9 ± 1.20 b | 25.8 ± 0.40 a |
Ampicillin | 29.0 ± 1.40 b | 37.0 ± 1.40 a | 25.5 ± 0.70 c | 9.5 ± 2.10 d | 30.5 ± 0.70 b | 30.0 ± 1.40 b |
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Anyairo, C.S.; Unban, K.; Wongputtisin, P.; Rojtinnakorn, J.; Shetty, K.; Khanongnuch, C. Bacillus spp. Isolated from Miang as Potential Probiotics in Nile Tilapia Culture—In Vitro Research. Microorganisms 2024, 12, 1687. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12081687
Anyairo CS, Unban K, Wongputtisin P, Rojtinnakorn J, Shetty K, Khanongnuch C. Bacillus spp. Isolated from Miang as Potential Probiotics in Nile Tilapia Culture—In Vitro Research. Microorganisms. 2024; 12(8):1687. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12081687
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnyairo, Chioma Stella, Kridsada Unban, Pairote Wongputtisin, Jiraporn Rojtinnakorn, Kalidas Shetty, and Chartchai Khanongnuch. 2024. "Bacillus spp. Isolated from Miang as Potential Probiotics in Nile Tilapia Culture—In Vitro Research" Microorganisms 12, no. 8: 1687. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12081687