Molecular Screening and Genetic Identification of Anaplasma platys in Brown Dog Tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus s. l.) Infested on Stray Dogs in Taiwan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Collection and Identification of Tick Species
2.2. Genomic DNA Extraction
2.3. Molecular Screening for Anaplasma Infection in Collected Ticks
2.4. Gene Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis of Genetic Relatedness
2.5. Registration of Nucleotide Sequences of Anaplasma platys from Taiwan
3. Results
3.1. Screening for Anaplasma Platys Infection in Brown Dog Ticks (R. sanguineus) of Taiwan
3.2. Genetic Relatedness of Anaplasma platys Detected in Brown Dog Ticks (R. sanguineus) of Taiwan
3.3. Phylogenetic Analysis of Anaplasma platys Detected in Brown Dog Ticks (R. sanguineus s. l.) of Taiwan
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Strain | Origin of Bacterial Strain | 16S Gene Accession Number a | |
---|---|---|---|
Biological | Geographic | ||
Taiwan strain | |||
97-TP-WH-08-sd06-EN2 | Rhipicephalus sanguineus s. l. | Taiwan | OP389147 |
97-TP-WH-08-sd06-M4 | Rhipicephalus sanguineus s. l. | Taiwan | OP389149 |
97-TP-WH-08-sd06-PEA2 | Rhipicephalus sanguineus s. l. | Taiwan | OP392571 |
97-TP-WH-08-sd06-M10 | Rhipicephalus sanguineus s. l. | Taiwan | OP392576 |
97-TP-WH-08-sd06-F4 | Rhipicephalus sanguineus s. l. | Taiwan | OP392577 |
97-TP-WH-08-sd06-F2 | Rhipicephalus sanguineus s. l. | Taiwan | OP392579 |
Anaplasma platys | Dog blood | Thailand | MT180539 |
Anaplasma platys | Dog blood | Saudi Arabia | MW199129 |
Anaplasma platys | Dog blood | India | MW440530 |
Anaplasma platys | Rhipicephalus sanguineus | Mexico | MW599734 |
Anaplasma platys | Tick | China | OK639189 |
Anaplasma platys | Dog blood | Thailand | MT211318 |
Anaplasma phagocytophilum | Dog blood | Austria | JX173652 |
Anaplasma phagocytophilum | Tick | USA | AB196721 |
Anaplasma phagocytophilum | Goat | China | HQ872464 |
Anaplasma capra | Homo sapiens | China | KM206273 |
Anaplasma marginale | Boophilus microplus | Philippines | JQ839012 |
Anaplasma marginale | Cattle | China | AJ633048 |
Anaplasma ovis | Sheep blood | China | AY262124 |
Anaplasma centrale | Vaccine strain | Netherland | AF318944 |
Ehrlichia canis | Dog blood | Italy | EU439944 |
Rickettsia rickettsia | Unknown | France | L36217 |
Escherichia coli | Neotype strain | France | X80725 |
Collection Month | Anaplasma platys Detected in Various Life-Stage of Tick | Total | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Nymph (P/E) a | Female (P/E) a | Male (P/E) a | No. Positive/ No. Examined (%) | |
January | 0/2 | 0/4 | 0/4 | 0/10 (0.00) |
February | 0/2 | 0/5 | 0/5 | 0/12 (0.00) |
March | 0/2 | 0/10 | 0/15 | 0/27 (0.00) |
April | 0/3 | 0/10 | 0/12 | 0/25 (0.00) |
May | 0/2 | 1/12 | 0/10 | 1/24 (4.17) |
June | 1/5 | 1/12 | 0/14 | 2/31 (6.45) |
July | 1/8 | 1/12 | 1/16 | 3/36 (8.33) |
August | 0/14 | 2/23 | 1/33 | 3/70 (4.29) |
September | 0/6 | 0/15 | 1/16 | 1/37 (2.70) |
October | 0/4 | 0/7 | 0/5 | 0/16 (0.00) |
November | 0/4 | 0/6 | 0/5 | 0/15 (0.00) |
December | 0/3 | 0/8 | 0/10 | 0/21 (0.00) |
Total (%) | 2/55 (3.64) | 5/124 (4.03) | 3/145 (2.07) | 10/324 (3.09) |
Bacterial Strains b | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. 97-TP-WH-08-sd06-M4 (Taiwan) | – | ||||||||||||||||
2. 97-TP-WH-08-sd06-EN2 (Taiwan) | 0.00 | – | |||||||||||||||
3. 97-TP-WH-08-sd06-F2 (Taiwan) | 0.00 | 0.00 | – | ||||||||||||||
4. 97-TP-WH-08-sd06-M10 (Taiwan) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | – | |||||||||||||
5. 97-TP-WH-08-sd06-PRA2 (Taiwan) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | – | ||||||||||||
6. 98-TP-WH-08-sd06-F4 (Taiwan) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | – | |||||||||||
7. Anaplasma platys (MT180539) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | – | ||||||||||
8. Ana. platys (OK639189) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | – | |||||||||
9. Ana. platys (MW599734) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | – | ||||||||
10. Ana. platys (MW440530) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | – | |||||||
11. Ana. phagocytophilum (AB1967212) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | – | ||||||
12. Ana. marginale (JQ839012) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | – | |||||
13. Ana. ovis (AY262124) | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.04 | – | ||||
14. Ana. capra (KM206273) | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.02 | – | |||
15. Ehrlichia canis (EU439944) | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.07 | – | ||
16. Rickettsia rickettsii (L36217) | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.17 | – | |
17. Escherichia coli (X80725) | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.28 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.33 | – |
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Chao, L.-L.; Ko, P.-Y.; Shih, C.-M. Molecular Screening and Genetic Identification of Anaplasma platys in Brown Dog Tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus s. l.) Infested on Stray Dogs in Taiwan. Microorganisms 2024, 12, 1779. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091779
Chao L-L, Ko P-Y, Shih C-M. Molecular Screening and Genetic Identification of Anaplasma platys in Brown Dog Tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus s. l.) Infested on Stray Dogs in Taiwan. Microorganisms. 2024; 12(9):1779. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091779
Chicago/Turabian StyleChao, Li-Lian, Pei-Yin Ko, and Chien-Ming Shih. 2024. "Molecular Screening and Genetic Identification of Anaplasma platys in Brown Dog Tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus s. l.) Infested on Stray Dogs in Taiwan" Microorganisms 12, no. 9: 1779. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091779