Leptospira Seroprevalence in Bardigiano Horses in Northern Italy
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Horses
2.2. Sampling
2.3. Serology
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Serovar | Number of Positive Animals for Each Antibody Titre | Number of Positive Animals/Overall (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
125 | 250 | 500 | 1000 | 2000 | 4000 | ||
Bratislava | 18 | 17 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 56/134 (41.8) |
Canicola | 20 | 17 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 49/134 (36.6) |
Copenhageni | 12 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24/134 (17.9) |
Grippotyphosa | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0/134 (0) |
Hardjo | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3/134 (2.2) |
Pomona | 8 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 14/134 (10.4) |
Tarassovi | 22 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 38/134 (28.4) |
Total | 81 | 62 | 20 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
Number of Serovars to Which the Animal was Positive | Animals/Overall Number of Positives (%) |
---|---|
1 | 42/90 (46.7) |
2 | 15/90 (16.7) |
3 | 22/90 (24.4) |
4 | 9/90 (0.1) |
5 | 2/90 (2.2) |
6 | 0/90 (0) |
7 | 0/90 (0) |
Potential Risk Factor | Tested Animals | Positive Animals | Seroprevalence (%) | 95% CI 1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | ||||
1–5 years | 18 | 7 | 38.9 | 27.6–50.1 |
6–15 years | 93 | 69 | 74.2 | 69.7–78.6 |
16–30 years | 23 | 14 | 60.9 | 50.9–70.8 |
Sex | ||||
Female | 97 | 66 | 68.0 | 63.4–72.7 |
Male | 24 | 17 | 70.8 | 61.7–79.9 |
Gelding | 13 | 7 | 53.8 | 40.3–67.4 |
Location of the farm | ||||
Mountain | 102 | 70 | 68.6 | 64.1–73.1 |
Valley | 32 | 20 | 62.5 | 54.1–70.9 |
Rodent control | ||||
Yes | 52 | 29 | 55.8 | 49.0–62.5 |
No | 82 | 61 | 74.4 | 69.7–79.1 |
Housing | ||||
Box or paddock | 34 | 22 | 64.7 | 56.7–72.7 |
Free ranging | 100 | 68 | 68.0 | 63.4–72.6 |
Presence of other domestic animals 2 | ||||
Yes | 95 | 64 | 67.4 | 62.7–72.1 |
No | 39 | 26 | 66.7 | 59.3–74.1 |
Presence of wild animals 3 | ||||
Yes | 85 | 55 | 64.7 | 59.6–69.8 |
No | 49 | 35 | 71.4 | 65.1–77.8 |
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Vera, E.; Taddei, S.; Cavirani, S.; Schiavi, J.; Angelone, M.; Cabassi, C.S.; Schiano, E.; Quintavalla, F. Leptospira Seroprevalence in Bardigiano Horses in Northern Italy. Animals 2020, 10, 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10010023
Vera E, Taddei S, Cavirani S, Schiavi J, Angelone M, Cabassi CS, Schiano E, Quintavalla F. Leptospira Seroprevalence in Bardigiano Horses in Northern Italy. Animals. 2020; 10(1):23. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10010023
Chicago/Turabian StyleVera, Elena, Simone Taddei, Sandro Cavirani, Jennifer Schiavi, Mario Angelone, Clotilde S. Cabassi, Emiliana Schiano, and Fausto Quintavalla. 2020. "Leptospira Seroprevalence in Bardigiano Horses in Northern Italy" Animals 10, no. 1: 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10010023