Aerobic Isolates from Gestational and Non-Gestational Lactating Bitches (Canis lupus familiaris)
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Milk Samples
2.3. Microbiological Analyses
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Clinical Findings
3.2. Microbiological Description of Milk Samples
3.3. Additional Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Boden, E.; Andrews, A. Black’s Veterinary Dictionary; Bloomsbury Publishing: London, UK, 2015; ISBN 0–7136–6362–6. [Google Scholar]
- Englar, R.E. Abnormal Presentations of the Mammary Glands. In Common Clinical Presentations in Dogs and Cats; Englar, R.E., Ed.; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2019; pp. 769–782. [Google Scholar]
- Jung, C.; Wehrend, A.; König, A.; Bostedt, H. Untersuhung zu vorkommen, differenzierung und erregerspektrum caniner mastitiden [Investigations about the incidence, differentiation and microbiology of canine mastitis]. Prakt. Tierarzt 2002, 83, 508–511. [Google Scholar]
- Orfanou, D.C.; Ververidis, H.N.; Boscos, C.M.; Fthenakis, G.C. Post-partum pathological conditions in the bitch - Part I. J. Hell. Vet. Med. Soc. 2017, 59, 111–125. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ditmyer, H.; Craig, L. Mycotic mastitis in three dogs due to Blastomyces dermatitidis. J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc. 2011, 47, 356–358. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Manuali, E.; Eleni, C.; Giovannini, P.; Costarelli, S.; Ciorba, A. Unusual finding in a nipple discharge of a female dog: Dirofilariasis of the breast. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005, 32, 108–109. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Boechat, V.C.; Mendes, A.A.V., Jr.; de Madeira, M.F.; Ferreira, L.C.; Figueiredo, F.B.; de Carvalho Rodrigues, F.; da Costa Oliveira, V.C.; de Oliveira, R.V.C.; Menezes, R.C. Occurrence of Leishmania infantum and associated histological alterations in the genital tract and mammary glands of naturally infected dogs. Parasitol. Res. 2016, 115, 2371–2379. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Gilson, C. The theriogenologic impacts of leishmaniosis infantum in dogs: About 5 cases. In Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Canine and Feline Reproduction ISCFR, Paris, France, 25 July 2016; p. 141. [Google Scholar]
- Mushtaq, M. Mastitis in Small Animals. In The Merck Veterinary Manual; Aiello, S.E., Moses, M.A., Allen, D.G., Eds.; Merck & Co., Inc.: Kenilworth, NJ, USA, 2016. [Google Scholar]
- Akhtardanesh, B.; Hejazi, S.M.; Kheirandish, R.; Oloumi, M.M.; Moghadaszadeh, M.; Hosseini Hooshyar, S. Mastitis obliterans in a diabetic dog: Bacteriological and pathological findings. Online J. Vet. Res. 2013, 17, 396–401. [Google Scholar]
- Root Kustritz, M. V How do I treat mastitis in a nursing bitch. In Clinical canine and feline reproduction Evidence-based answers; Root Kustritz, M.V., Ed.; Wiley-Blackwell: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2010; pp. 157–160. ISBN 9780813815848. [Google Scholar]
- Graham, E.M.; Taylor, D.J. Bacterial Reproductive Pathogens of Cats and Dogs. Vet. Clin. North Am. - Small Anim. Pract. 2012, 42, 561–582. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hermanson, J.; Lahunta, A. Miller’s anatomy of the dog, 5th ed.; Saunders: London, UK, 2019; ISBN 9780323546034. [Google Scholar]
- Vasiu, I.; Dąbrowski, R.; Tvarijonaviciute, A. Lactation-related mammary gland pathologies—A neglected emergency in the bitch. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 2020, 56, 208–230. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fontaine, E.; Tanneur, M.-L.; Josien, A. Mammite gangreneuse chez la chienne reproductrice [Gangrenous mastitis in a breeding bitch]. Point Vet. 2007, 38, 25–29. [Google Scholar]
- Wiebe, V.J.; Howard, J.P. Pharmacologic Advances in Canine and Feline Reproduction. Top. Companion Anim. Med. 2009, 24, 71–99. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Münnich, A.; Lübke-Becker, A. Escherichia coli infections in newborn puppies - Clinical and epidemiological investigations. Theriogenology 2004, 62, 562–575. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Johnston, S.D.; Root Kustritz, M.V.; Olson, P.S. Periparturient disorders in the bitch. In Canine and feline theriogenology; Johnston, S.D., Root Kustritz, M.V., Schultz, O.P., Eds.; Saunders: London, UK, 2001; pp. 129–146. ISBN 0721656072. [Google Scholar]
- Lopate, C. Reproductive Physiology, of Canine Pregnancy and Parturition and Conditions of the Periparturient Period. In Management of Pregnant and Neonatal Dogs, Cats, and Exotic Pets; Lopate, C., Ed.; Wiley-Blackwell: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2012; pp. 25–42. ISBN 9780813807935. [Google Scholar]
- Biddle, D.; Macintire, K.D. Obstetrical emergencies. Clin. Tech. Small Anim. Pract. 2000, 15, 89–93. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Schäfer-Somi, S.; Spergser, J.; Breitenfellner, J.; Aurich, J.E. Bacteriological status of canine milk and septicaemia in neonatal puppies - A retrospective study. J. Vet. Med. Ser. B Infect. Dis. Vet. Public Heal. 2003, 50, 343–346. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jutkowitz, L.A. Reproductive emergencies. Vet. Clin. Small Anim. Pract. 2005, 35, 397–420. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Martins-Bessa, A.; Cardoso, L.; Costa, T.; Mota, R.; Rocha, R.; Montenegro, L. Reproductive emergencies in the bitch: A retrospective study. J. Hell. Vet. Med. Soc. 2015, 66, 231–240. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Fonseca, A.P.B.; Quessada, A.M.; Zanilo, M.M.; Carvalho, C.N.; Carvahlo de Santos, I.; Gresinger, P.S. Relato de dois casos de mastite pós-parto em cadelas [Report of two cases of postpartum mastitis in bitches]. Veterinária em Foco 2018, 15, 47–53. [Google Scholar]
- Vasiu, I.; Sarpataki, O.; Bedecean, I.; Pop, A.R.; Brudașcă, F.G. Haematologic and biochemical changes in bitches with clinical and subclinical mastitis. Bull. Univ. Agric. Sci. Vet. Med. Cluj-Napoca. Vet. Med. 2016, 73, 248. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Vasiu, I.; Dąbrowski, R.; Martinez-Subiela, S.; Ceron, J.J.; Wdowiak, A.; Pop, R.A.; Brudaşcă, F.G.; Pastor, J.; Tvarijonaviciute, A. Milk C-reactive protein in canine mastitis. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 2017, 186, 41–44. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vasiu, I.; Tăbăran, A.F.; Pop, A.R.; Brudaşcă, F.G.; Tvarijonaviciute, A.; Dąbrowski, R. Usefulness of cytological evaluation of milk in diagnosing mastitis in bitches. Med. Weter. 2018, 74, 640–645. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Olson, P.; Olson, A. Cytologic evaluation of canine milk. Vet. Med. Small Anim. Clin. 1984, 79, 641–646. [Google Scholar]
- Ververidis, H.N.; Mavrogianni, V.S.; Fragkou, I.A.; Orfanou, D.C.; Gougoulis, D.A.; Tzivara, A.; Gouletsou, P.G.; Athanasiou, L.; Boscos, C.M.; Fthenakis, G.C. Experimental staphylococcal mastitis in bitches: Clinical, bacteriological, cytological, haematological and pathological features. Vet. Microbiol. 2007, 124, 95–106. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Quinn, P.J.; Carter, M.E.; Markey, K.B.; Carter, G.R. Clinical Veterinary Microbiology, 1st ed.; Quinn, P.J., Carter, M.E., Markey, K.B., Carter, G.R., Eds.; Mosby Elsevier: London, UK, 1994; ISBN 0723417113. [Google Scholar]
- Sasaki, T.; Tsubakishita, S.; Tanaka, Y.; Sakusabe, A.; Ohtsuka, M.; Hirotaki, S.; Kawakami, T.; Fukata, T.; Hiramatsu, K. Multiplex-PCR method for species identification of coagulase-positive staphylococci. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2010, 48, 765–769. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Rodríguez, J.M.; Jiménez, E.; Merino, V.; Maldonado, A.; Marín, M.L.; Fernández, L.; Martín, R. Microbiota de la leche humana en condiciones fisiológicas. Acta Pediatr. Esp. 2008, 66, 77–82. [Google Scholar]
- Chaves, F.; García-Álvarez, M.; Sanz, F.; Alba, C.; Otero, J.R. Nosocomial spread of a Staphylococcus hominis subsp. novobiosepticus strain causing sepsis in a neonatal intensive care unit. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2005, 43, 4877–4879. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Mendes, R.E.; Deshpande, L.M.; Kim, J.; Myers, D.S.; Ross, J.E.; Jones, R.N. Streptococcus sanguinis isolate displaying a phenotype with cross-resistance to several rRNA-targeting agents. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2013, 51, 2728–2731. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Junckerstorff, R.K.; Robinson, J.O.; Murray, R.J. Invasive Streptococcus anginosus group infection-does the species predict the outcome? Int. J. Infect. Dis. 2014, 18, 38–40. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Toydemir, T.S.F.; Bağcigil, A.F.; Özgür, N.Y.; Kirşan, I. Examination of aerobic bacteria from milk samples of bitches with clinical mastitis. Istanbul Univ. Vet. Fak. Derg. 2015, 41, 227–231. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gobello, C. Revisiting canine pseudocyesis. Theriogenology 2021, 167, 94–98. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Martín, R.; Olivares, M.; Pérez, M.; Xaus, J.; Torre, C.; Fernández, L.; Rodríguez, J.M. Identification and evaluation of the probiotic potential of lactobacilli isolated from canine milk. Vet. J. 2010, 185, 193–198. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lee, J.D.; Lee, Y.K.; Jung, J.Y.; Son, C.H.; Shin, S.S.; Oh, K.S.; Hur, T.Y.; Suh, G.H. Isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility of microorganisms from milk samples of Jingo Dogs (Canis familiaris var. jindo). Korean J. Vet. Res. 2011, 51, 29–35. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tarafder, M.; Samad, M.A. Prevalence of clinical diseases of pet dogs and risk perception of zoonotic infection by dog owners in Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. Vet. Med. 2010, 8, 163–174. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Oluwatoyin, O.A.; Fayemi, O.E. A retrospective study of reproductive conditions and requested procedures in Dogs in South Western Nigeria: 1999-2008. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 2011, 10, 2612–2617. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lection, J.; Cornelius, J.A.; Moxon, R.; Russenberger, J.; de Amorim, D.M.; Cheong, H.S. Incidence and risk factors for canine mastitis and metritis in two guide dog populations. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2021. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Murai, A.; Maruyama, S.; Nagata, M.; Yuki, M. Mastitis caused by Mycobacterium kansasii infection in a dog. Vet. Clin. Pathol. 2013, 42, 377–381. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Görz, M.; Rohde, J.; Amtsberg, G. Vorkommen und resistenzsituation bakterieler infektionserreger beim Hund/ Tei I: Haut, urogenitaltrakt und milchproben [Prevalence an antibiotic resistance of bacterial pathogens isolated from dogs/ Part I: Skin, urogenital system and milk test]. Kleintierpraxis 1999, 44, 5–14. [Google Scholar]
- Borowsky, L.M.; Driemeier, D.; Rozza, D.B.; Cardoso, M.R. de I. Mastite com septicemia em caninos causada por Staphylococcus intermedius [Mastitis with sepsis in dogs due to Staphylococcus intermedius]. Acta Sci. Vet. 2018, 31, 111–113. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Meloni, T.; Martino, P.A.; Grieco, V.; Pisu, M.C.; Banco, B.; Rota, A.; Veronesi, M.C. A survey on bacterial involvement in neonatal mortality in dogs. Vet. Ital. 2014, 50, 293–299. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Weese, J.S. Antimicrobial resistance in companion animals. Anim. Health Res. Rev. 2008, 9, 169–176. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rota, A.; Milani, C.; Drigo, I.; Drigo, M.; Corrò, M. Isolation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from breeding dogs. Theriogenology 2011, 75, 115–121. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Meroni, G.; Filipe, J.F.S.; Drago, L.; Martino, P.A. Investigation on antibiotic-resistance, biofilm formation and virulence factors in multi drug resistant and non multi drug resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Microorganisms 2019, 7, 702. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Lamm, C.G.; Ferguson, A.C.; Lehenbauer, T.W.; Love, B.C. Streptococcal infection in dogs: A retrospective study of 393 cases. Vet. Pathol. 2010, 47, 387–395. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Moore, C.C.; Lane, J.E.; Stephens, J.L. Successful Treatment of an Infant with Chromobacterium violaceum Sepsis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2001, 32, e107–e110. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Daniel, B.; Saleem, M.; Naseer, G.; Fida, A. Significance of Staphylococcus Haemolyticus in Hospital Acquired Infections. J. Pioneer Med. Sci. 2014, 4, 119–123. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chihab, W.; Alaoui, A.S.; Amar, M. Chryseomonas luteola Identified as the Source of Serious Infections in a Moroccan University Hospital. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2004, 42, 1837–1839. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Elsayed, S.; Zhang, K. Gemella bergeriae endocarditis diagnosed by sequencing of rRNA genes in heart valve tissue. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2004, 42, 4897–4900. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Cone, L.A.; Sontz, E.M.; Wilson, J.W.; Mitruka, S.N. Staphylococcus capitis endocarditis due to a transvenous endocardial pacemaker infection: Case report and review of Staphylococcus capitis endocarditis. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 2005, 9, 335–339. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Matthaiou, D.K.; Chasou, E.; Atmatzidis, S.; Tsolkas, P. A case of bacteremia due to Burkholderia cepacia in a patient without cystic fibrosis. Respir. Med. CME 2011, 4, 144–145. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Soldera, J.; Nedel, W.L.; Cardoso, P.R.C.; D’Azevedo, P.A. Bacteremia due to Staphylococcus cohnii ssp. urealyticus caused by infected pressure ulcer: Case report and review of the literature. Sao Paulo Med. J. 2013, 131, 59–61. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Cui, B.; Smooker, P.M.; Rouch, D.A.; Daley, A.J.; Deighton, M.A. Differences between two clinical Staphylococcus capitis subspecies as revealed by biofilm, antibiotic resistance, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiling. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2013, 51, 9–14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Hagiya, H.; Ohnishi, K.; Maki, M.; Watanabe, N.; Murasec, T. Clinical Characteristics of Ochrobactrum anthropi Bacteremia. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2013, 51, 1330–1333. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ivić, I.; Karanović, J.; Pavičić-Ivelja, M. Sepsis with multiple abscesses caused by staphylococcus warneri: A case report. Cent. Eur. J. Med. 2013, 8, 45–47. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Wedley, A.L.; Westgarth, C.; Pinchbeck, G.L.; Williams, N.J.; Dawson, S.; Coyne, K.P.; Maddox, T.W. Prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in dogs in a cross-sectional, community-based study. Vet. Rec. 2011, 168, 354. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Lam, M.M.; Clarridge, J.E.; Young, E.J.; Mizuki, S. The other group G streptococcus: Increased detection of Streptococcus canis ulcer infections in dog owners. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2007, 45, 2327–2329. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Miller, M.A.; Kottler, S.J.; Cohn, L.A.; Johnson, G.C.; Kreeger, J.M.; Pace, L.W.; Ramos-Vara, J.A.; Turk, J.R.; Turnquist, S.E. Mammary duct ectasia in dogs: 51 cases (1992-1999). J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 2001, 218, 1303–1307. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Trasch, K.; Wehrend, A. Klinische, Sonographische und mikrobiologische untersuchungen bei hündinnen mit akuter mastitis [Clinical, ultrasonographical and microbiological investigations in inflamed canine mammary glands]. Tierärztl Prax 2008, 36, 191–199. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fernández, L.; García, C.; Carrera, M.; Mediano, R.; Rodríguez, J.M.; Marín, M. Factores de riesgo de la mastitis infecciosa durante la lactancia. Acta Pediatr. Esp. 2016, 74, e243–e250. [Google Scholar]
- Fernández, L.; Langa, S.; Martín, V.; Maldonado, A.; Jiménez, E.; Martín, R.; Rodríguez, J.M. The human milk microbiota: Origin and potential roles in health and disease. Pharmacol. Res. 2013, 69, 1–10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Families N; %/CI% | Pathogen | N; % | CI% | AP | PP | LSG | H | Sb | C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Moraxacellaceae 4; 2.65/6.22–16.30 | Acinetobacter iwoffii * | 2; 1.3 | unv–3.15 | 2 | 2 | ||||
Acinetobacter ursingii * | 2; 1.3 | unv–3.15 | 2 | 2 | |||||
Aerococcaceae 1; 0.66/unv–1.96 | Aerococcus viridans * | 1; 0.7 | unv–1.96 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Aeromonadaceae 2; 1.32/unv–3.15 | Aeromonas salmonicida * | 2; 1.3 | unv–3.15 | 2 | 2 | ||||
Rhizobiaceae 8; 5.3/1.73–8.87 | Agrobacterium radiobacter * | 8; 5. | 1.73–8.87 | 8 | 3 | 5 | |||
Bacillaceae 14; 9.27/4.65–13.90 | Bacillus cereus | 2; 1.3 | unv–3.15 | 2 | 2 | ||||
Bacillus pumilus * | 4; 2.6 | 0.09–5.21 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | |||
Bacillus sp. | 5; 3.3 | 0.46–6.17 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||
Bacillus subtilis * | 1; 0.7 | unv–1.96 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Brevibacillus laterosporus * | 2; 1.3 | unv–3.15 | 2 | 2 | |||||
Caluobacteraceae 1; 0.66/unv–1.96 | Brevundimonas vesicularis * | 1; 0.7 | unv–1.96 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Burkholderiaceae 1; 0.66/unv–1.96 | Burkholderia cepacia * | 1; 0.7 | unv–1.96 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Neisseraceae 1; 0.66/unv–1.96 | Chromobacterium violaceum * | 1; 0.7 | unv–1.96 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Enterococcaceae 22; 14.57/8.94–20.20 | Enterococcus avium * | 4; 2.6 | 0.09–5.21 | 4 | 1 | 3 | |||
Enterococcus faecium | 18; 11.9 | 6.75–17.09 | 18 | 10 | 1 | 7 | |||
Enterobacteriaceae 47; 31.13/23.74–38.51 | Escherichia coli | 44; 29.1 | 21.89–36.39 | 3 | 41 | 25 | 10 | 9 | |
Klebsiella sp. | 2; 1.3 | unv–3.15 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Enterobacter cloacae complex * | 1; 0.7 | unv–1.96 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Sporolactobaillaceae 1; 0.66/unv–1.96 | Gemella bergeri * | 1; 0.7 | unv–1.96 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Leuconostocaceae 1; 0.66/unv–1.96 | Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. cremoris * | 1; 0.7 | unv–1.96 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Morganellaceae 17; 11.26/6.22–16.3 | Morganella morganii ssp. morganii * | 1; 0.7 | unv–1.96 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Proteus mirabilis | 14; 9.3 | 4.65–13.9 | 1 | 13 | 5 | 5 | 4 | ||
Proteus vulgaris * | 2; 1.3 | unv–3.15 | 2 | 2 | |||||
Brucellaceae 2; 1.32/unv–3.15 | Ochrobactrum anthropi * | 2; 1.3 | unv–3.15 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||
Pseudomonadaceae 10; 6.62/2.66–10.59 | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 7; 4.6 | 1.28–7.99 | 7 | 5 | 2 | |||
Pseudomonas luteola * | 2; 1.3 | unv–3.15 | 2 | 2 | |||||
Pseudomonas marginata * | 1; 0.7 | unv–1.96 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Staphylococcaceae 99; 65.56/57.98–73.14 | Micrococcus luteus | 5; 3.3 | 0.46–6.17 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 1 | ||
Staphylococcus aureus | 1; 0.7 | unv–1.96 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Staphylococcus capitis * | 1; 0.7 | unv–1.96 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Staphylococcus chromogenes * | 2; 1.3 | unv–3.15 | 2 | 2 | |||||
Staphylococcus cohnii ssp. cohni * | 1; 0.7 | unv–1.96 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Staphylococcus haemolyticus | 4; 2.6 | 0.09–5.21 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | |||
Staphylococcus hominis ssp. hominis * | 6; 4 | 0.86–7.09 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 4 | ||
Staphylococcus hyicus | 1; 0.7 | unv–1.96 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Staphylococcus intermedius | 5; 3.3 | 0.46–6.17 | 1 | 4 | 5 | ||||
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius | 13; 8.6 | 4.14–13.08 | 12 | 1 | 9 | 4 | |||
Staphylococcus sciuri * | 1; 0.7 | unv–1.96 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Staphylococcus simulans | 10; 6.6 | 2.66–10.59 | 1 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 1 | ||
Staphylococcus sp. | 39; 25.8 | 18.85–32.81 | 4 | 31 | 4 | 23 | 7 | 9 | |
Staphylococcus vitulis * | 1; 0.7 | unv–1.96 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Staphylococcus warneri | 2; 1.3 | unv–3.15 | 2 | 2 | |||||
Staphylococcus xylosus * | 7; 4.6 | 1.28–7.99 | 7 | 1 | 6 | ||||
Streptococcaceae 7; 4.64/1.28–7.99 | Streptococcus anginosus * | 1; 0.7 | unv–1.96 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Streptococcus sanguinis | 1; 0.7 | unv–1.96 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Streptococcus sp. | 5; 3.3 | 0.46–6.17 | 5 | 4 | 1 | ||||
Yersiniaceae 1; 0.66/unv–1.96 | Yersinia enterocolitica * | 1; 0.7 | unv–1.96 | 1 | 1 |
H (109) | Sb (66) | C (68) | H vs. Sb | Sb vs. C | H vs. C | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brucellaceae | 0.9 | 1.5 | 0 | ns | ns | ns |
Caulobacteraceae | 0.9 | 0 | 0 | ns | ns | ns |
Rhizobiaceae | 2.7 | 7.6 | 0 | ns | ns | ns |
Aerococcaceae | 0.9 | 0 | 0 | ns | ns | ns |
Bacillaceae | 2.7 | 7.6 | 8.8 | ns | ns | ns |
Enterococcaceae | 10.1 | 7.6 | 10.3 | ns | ns | ns |
Leuconostocaceae | 0 | 0 | 1.5 | ns | ns | ns |
Sporolactobacillaceae | 0.9 | 0 | 0 | ns | ns | ns |
Staphylococcaceae | 43.1 | 36.4 | 45.6 | ns | ns | ns |
Streptococcaceae | 3.7 | 1.5 | 2.9 | ns | ns | ns |
Burkholderiaceae | 0 | 3 | 0 | ns | ns | ns |
Neisseraceae | 0 | 1.5 | 0 | ns | ns | ns |
Aeromonadaceae | 0 | 0. | 2.9 | ns | ns | ns |
Enterobacteriaceae | 23.8 | 18.2 | 13.2 | ns | ns | ns |
Moraxellaceae | 3.7 | 0 | 0 | ns | ns | ns |
Morganellaceae | 4.6 | 7.6 | 8.8 | ns | ns | ns |
Pseudomonadaceae | 1.8 | 7.6 | 4.4 | ns | ns | ns |
Yersiniaceae | 0 | 0 | 1.5 | ns | ns | ns |
PP (213) | LSG (20) | AP (16) | PP vs. LSG | LSG vs. AP | PP vs. AP | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brucellaceae | 0.9 | 0 | 0 | ns | ns | ns |
Caulobacteraceae | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | ns | ns | ns |
Rhizobiaceae | 3.8 | 0 | 0 | ns | ns | ns |
Aerococcaceae | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | ns | ns | ns |
Bacillaceae | 4.2 | 15 | 12.5 | 0.0371 | ns | ns |
Enterococcaceae | 10.8 | 0 | 0 | ns | ns | ns |
Leuconostocaceae | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0.011 | ns | ns |
Sporolactobacillaceae | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | ns | ns | ns |
Staphylococcaceae | 39.4 | 60 | 43.7 | ns | ns | ns |
Streptococcaceae | 2.3 | 10 | 0 | ns | ns | ns |
Burkholderiaceae | 0.9 | 0 | 0 | ns | ns | ns |
Neisseraceae | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | ns | ns | ns |
Aeromonadaceae | 0 | 10 | 0 | <0.0001 | ns | ns |
Enterobacteriaceae | 20.7 | 0 | 18.7 | 0.024 | ns | ns |
Moraxellaceae | 0.9 | 0 | 12.5 | ns | ns | 0.0007 |
Morganellaceae | 7.5 | 0 | 6.2 | ns | ns | ns |
Pseudomonadaceae | 6.1 | 0 | 6.2 | ns | ns | ns |
Yersiniaceae | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | ns | ns | ns |
I (11) | M (136) | P (86) | I vs. M | M vs. P | I vs. P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brucellaceae | 0 | 1.5 | 0 | ns | ns | ns |
Caulobacteraceae | 0 | 0.7 | 0 | ns | ns | ns |
Rhizobiaceae | 0 | 3.7 | 3.5 | ns | ns | ns |
Aerococcaceae | 0 | 0.7 | 0 | ns | ns | ns |
Bacillaceae | 18.2 | 5.9 | 4.6 | ns | ns | ns |
Enterococcaceae | 0 | 10.3 | 8.1 | ns | ns | ns |
Leuconostocaceae | 9.1 | 0 | 0 | ns | ns | ns |
Sporolactobacillaceae | 0 | 0.7 | 0 | ns | ns | ns |
Staphylococcaceae | 72.7 | 37.5 | 45.3 | 0.0485 | ns | ns |
Streptococcaceae | 0 | 2.2 | 2.3 | ns | ns | ns |
Burkholderiaceae | 0 | 1.5 | 0 | ns | ns | ns |
Neisseraceae | 0 | 0 | 1.2 | ns | ns | ns |
Aeromonadaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | ns | ns | ns |
Enterobacteriaceae | 0 | 24.3 | 16.3 | ns | ns | ns |
Moraxellaceae | 0 | 2.9 | 0 | ns | ns | ns |
Morganellaceae | 0 | 3.7 | 12.8 | ns | 0.0105 | ns |
Pseudomonadaceae | 0 | 3.7 | 5.8 | ns | ns | ns |
Yersiniaceae | 0 | 0.7 | 0 | ns | ns | ns |
Sp (63) | Sm (63) | A (66) | W (48) | Sp vs. Sm | Sp vs. W | A vs. Sp | A vs. Sm | A vs. W | Sm vs. W | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brucellaceae | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Caulobacteraceae | 0 | 0 | 1.5 | 0 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Rhizobiaceae | 0 | 0 | 12.1 | 0 | ns | ns | 0.0339 | 0.0128 | 0.0332 | ns |
Aerococcaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.1 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Bacillaceae | 7.9 | 11.1 | 0 | 4.2 | ns | ns | ns | 0.0166 | ns | ns |
Enterococcaceae | 17.5 | 4.8 | 6.1 | 8.3 | 0.0472 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Leuconostocaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.1 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Sporolactobacillaceae | 1.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Staphylococcaceae | 39.7 | 41.3 | 42.4 | 47.9 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Streptococcaceae | 3.2 | 0 | 1.5 | 4.2 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Burkholderiaceae | 0 | 3.2 | 0 | 0 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Neisseraceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.1 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Aeromonadaceae | 0 | 3.2 | 0 | 0 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Enterobacteriaceae | 22.2 | 25.4 | 15.1 | 14.6 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Moraxellaceae | 1.59 | 0 | 3 | 2.1 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Morganellaceae | 4.76 | 11.1 | 3 | 8.3 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Pseudomonadaceae | 1.59 | 0 | 12.1 | 2.1 | ns | ns | 0.0453 | 0.0128 | ns | ns |
Yersiniaceae | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 2.1 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
K (83) | H (31) | B (94) | HB (34) | S (2) | K vs. H | K vs. B | K vs. HB | K vs. S | H vs. B | H vs. HB | H vs. S | B vs. HB | B vs. S | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brucellaceae | 0 | 0 | 2.1 | 0 | 0 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Caulobacteraceae | 1.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ns | ns | ns | 0.0016 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Rhizobiaceae | 3.6 | 0 | 3.2 | 5.9 | 0 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Aerococcaceae | 0 | 3.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Bacillaceae | 1.2 | 9.7 | 8.5 | 5.9 | 0 | ns | ns | ns | 0.0016 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Enterococcaceae | 16.9 | 6.4 | 5.3 | 2.9 | 50 | ns | 0.0255 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Leuconostocaceae | 0 | 0 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | 0.0007 |
Sporolactobacillaceae | 0 | 0 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | 0.0007 |
Staphylococcaceae | 39.8 | 35.5 | 37.2 | 64.7 | 50 | ns | ns | 0.0244 | ns | ns | 0.0353 | ns | 0.0104 | ns |
Streptococcaceae | 3.6 | 6.4 | 1.1 | 2.9 | 0 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | 0.0007 |
Burkholderiaceae | 0 | 0 | 2.1 | 0 | 0 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Neisseraceae | 0 | 0 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | 0.0007 |
Aeromonadaceae | 0 | 0 | 2.1 | 0 | 0 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Enterobacteriaceae | 20.5 | 19.3 | 20.2 | 17.6 | 0 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Moraxellaceae | 2.4 | 3.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ns | ns | ns | 0.0325 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Morganellaceae | 7.2 | 16.1 | 6.4 | 0 | 0 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | 0.0487 | ns | ns | ns |
Pseudomonadaceae | 3.6 | 0 | 7.4 | 0 | 0 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Yersiniaceae | 0 | 0 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | 0.0007 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Vasiu, I.; Meroni, G.; Dąbrowski, R.; Martino, P.A.; Tvarijonaviciute, A.; Bochniarz, M.; Pop, R.A.; Brudaşcă, F.G.; Fiţ, N.I. Aerobic Isolates from Gestational and Non-Gestational Lactating Bitches (Canis lupus familiaris). Animals 2021, 11, 3259. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113259
Vasiu I, Meroni G, Dąbrowski R, Martino PA, Tvarijonaviciute A, Bochniarz M, Pop RA, Brudaşcă FG, Fiţ NI. Aerobic Isolates from Gestational and Non-Gestational Lactating Bitches (Canis lupus familiaris). Animals. 2021; 11(11):3259. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113259
Chicago/Turabian StyleVasiu, Iosif, Gabriele Meroni, Roman Dąbrowski, Piera Anna Martino, Asta Tvarijonaviciute, Mariola Bochniarz, Raul Alexandru Pop, Florinel Gheorghe Brudaşcă, and Nicodim Iosif Fiţ. 2021. "Aerobic Isolates from Gestational and Non-Gestational Lactating Bitches (Canis lupus familiaris)" Animals 11, no. 11: 3259. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113259