An Update on Cephenemyiosis in the European Roe Deer: Emergent Myiasis in Spain
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Morphology of Flies and Larvae
3. Life Cycle and Chronobiology
4. Epidemiology
4.1. Environment and Climate
4.2. Gender
4.3. Age
4.4. Body Condition
5. Clinical Signs
6. Diagnosis
7. Prevalence and Infestation Intensity
8. Treatment and Control
9. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Distribution | Hosts |
---|---|---|
C. trompe (Modeer, 1786) | Neartic/Paleartic | deer, moose, reindeer/caribou |
C. ulrichii (Brauer, 1863) | Paleartic | moose |
C. auribarbis (Meigen, 1824) | Paleartic | red deer |
C. stimulator (Hunter, 1916) | Paleartic | roe deer |
C. phobifer (Clark, 1815) | Neartic | white-tailed deer |
C. apicata (Bennett & Sabrosky, 1962) | Neartic | mule deer |
C. jellisoni (Townsend, 1941) | Neartic | mule deer, white-tailed deer, moose, elk |
C. pratti (Hunter, 1916) | Neartic | mule deer, white-tailed deer |
Country | Prevalence | Intensity | Method | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hungary | 70.8 | 12 | Necropsy | [50,51] |
34.8–35.2 | 9.8–8.8 | Necropsy | [52] | |
11.1–76.9 | 3.9–19 | Necropsy | [20] | |
17.3–22.9 | 15.3–25.4 | Necropsy | [53,54] | |
Czech Republic | 60–90 | - | Necropsy | [55] |
11.1–25.6 | 7.7 | Necropsy | [18] | |
44 | 13 | Necropsy | [56] | |
16.1–42.9 | 6–11 | Necropsy | [37] | |
Poland | 13 | 1–10 | Necropsy | [57] |
Germany | 49 | 3–11 | Necropsy | [58] |
Croatia | 27 | - | Necropsy | [59] |
France | 32–43.2 | - | iELISA | [49] |
Spain | 40 | 11–49 | Necropsy | [46] |
31.6 | 19.7 ± 21 | Necropsy | [31] | |
36–60 | - | iELISA | [31] | |
23.8 | - | iELISA | [28] | |
43.2 | 16.9 ± 22.47 | Necropsy | [13] |
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Morrondo, P.; Pajares, G.; Arias, M.S.; Martínez-Calabuig, N.; Remesar, S.; García-Dios, D.; Díaz, P.; López, C.M.; Panadero, R.; Díez-Baños, P. An Update on Cephenemyiosis in the European Roe Deer: Emergent Myiasis in Spain. Animals 2021, 11, 3382. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11123382
Morrondo P, Pajares G, Arias MS, Martínez-Calabuig N, Remesar S, García-Dios D, Díaz P, López CM, Panadero R, Díez-Baños P. An Update on Cephenemyiosis in the European Roe Deer: Emergent Myiasis in Spain. Animals. 2021; 11(12):3382. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11123382
Chicago/Turabian StyleMorrondo, Patrocinio, Gerardo Pajares, María Sol Arias, Néstor Martínez-Calabuig, Susana Remesar, David García-Dios, Pablo Díaz, Ceferino Manuel López, Rosario Panadero, and Pablo Díez-Baños. 2021. "An Update on Cephenemyiosis in the European Roe Deer: Emergent Myiasis in Spain" Animals 11, no. 12: 3382. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11123382