Intradermal Testing Results in Horses Affected by Mild-Moderate and Severe Equine Asthma
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Horses
2.2. Intradermal Testing
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Horses
3.2. Intradermal Testing
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total Time | 30 min | 4 h | 24 h | 48 h | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positivities SEA | 48.98% | 98.34% | 76.63% | 15.09% | 5.84% |
Positivities MEA | 50% | 84.12% | 47.64% | 49.34% | 18.90% |
ns | p < 0001 | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 | |
Allergens SEA | 49.05% | 98.73% | 76.73% | 15% | 5.74% |
Allergens MEA | 50.33% | 93.95% | 77.50% | 22.91% | 6.24% |
ns | p < 0.0001 | ns | p = 0.0002 | ns |
ALLERGEN | 30 min | 4 h | 24 h | 48 h | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SEA | MEA | SEA | MEA | SEA | MEA | SEA | MEA | |
Acarus siro | 92% | 100% | 81% | 75% | 8% | 0% | 4% | 0% |
Aceraceae-Facaceae mix | 96% | 92% | 65% | 58% | 0% | 8% | 0% | 0% |
Aedes spp. | 67% | 50% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 67% | 33% | 17% |
Alternaria alternata | 100% | 100% | 69% | 83% | 8% | 42% | 4% | 17% |
Artemisia vulgaris | 100% | 92% | 85% | 75% | 12% | 33% | 0% | 0% |
Aspergillus fumigatus | 100% | 92% | 81% | 67% | 12% | 17% | 4% | 0% |
Barley flour | 100% | 92% | 80% | 83% | 4% | 33% | 4% | 0% |
Betullaceae mix | 96% | 92% | 77% | 67% | 8% | 8% | 0% | 0% |
Candida albicans | 96% | 92% | 85% | 83% | 81% | 83% | 85% | 92% |
Cat epithelium | 100% | 100% | 85% | 67% | 8% | 17% | 4% | 8% |
Chrysops spp. | 100% | 100% | 100% | 60% | 36% | 0% | 21% | 0% |
Cladosporium spp. | 100% | 92% | 73% | 75% | 4% | 8% | 4% | 0% |
Compositae mix | 100% | 100% | 88% | 82% | 17% | 27% | 0% | 9% |
Corn flour | 100% | 100% | 65% | 92% | 15% | 8% | 4% | 0% |
Corylus avellana | 100% | 100% | 65% | 75% | 4% | 8% | 0% | 0% |
Culex spp. | 100% | 64% | 100% | 91% | 35% | 45% | 0% | 9% |
Culicoides spp. | 100% | 82% | 82% | 73% | 29% | 18% | 6% | 18% |
Cupressus sempervirens | 100% | 92% | 92% | 67% | 12% | 8% | 0% | 0% |
Cynodon dactylon | 96% | 92% | 69% | 67% | 8% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
Dermatophagoides mix | 100% | 100% | 92% | 100% | 19% | 42% | 4% | 0% |
Dog epithelium | 100% | 100% | 96% | 100% | 31% | 50% | 19% | 25% |
Feathers mix | 100% | 100% | 67% | 43% | 33% | 14% | 0% | 0% |
Fibers mix | 100% | 100% | 67% | 57% | 10% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
Gliciphagus domesticus | 100% | 90% | 65% | 60% | 4% | 10% | 0% | 0% |
Helmintosporium sativum | 96% | 100% | 73% | 83% | 8% | 25% | 0% | 0% |
Holcus lanatus | 100% | 100% | 65% | 75% | 10% | 8% | 0% | 0% |
Lepidogliphus destructor | 100% | 90% | 80% | 90% | 15% | 20% | 4% | 0% |
Lolium perenne | 100% | 100% | 73% | 75% | 60% | 25% | 0% | 8% |
Milk proteins | 100% | 100% | 60% | 75% | 33% | 25% | 0% | 0% |
Musca domestica | 67% | 50% | 67% | 33% | 8% | 0% | 60% | 0% |
Mycophytes mix | 100% | 100% | 79% | 82% | 0% | 27% | 0% | 0% |
Olea europea | 96% | 92% | 77% | 67% | 4% | 8% | 0% | 0% |
Ostrya virginiana | 96% | 92% | 65% | 67% | 19% | 17% | 0% | 0% |
Parietaria mix | 100% | 100% | 85% | 92% | 15% | 17% | 0% | 17% |
Penicillium mix | 96% | 100% | 54% | 92% | 8% | 25% | 4% | 8% |
Pinus silvestris | 96% | 100% | 67% | 82% | 17% | 27% | 0% | 0% |
Plantago lanceolata | 100% | 100% | 73% | 92% | 19% | 25% | 4% | 0% |
Poa pratensis | 100% | 100% | 58% | 67% | 8% | 17% | 0% | 8% |
Poaceae mix | 96% | 100% | 81% | 75% | 4% | 17% | 0% | 0% |
Populus nigra | 100% | 100% | 80% | 88% | 20% | 25% | 20% | 0% |
Pyrethrum spp. | 100% | 86% | 67% | 71% | 33% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
Rice flour | 100% | 100% | 88% | 92% | 12% | 42% | 0% | 8% |
Robinia pseudoacacia | 100% | 88% | 60% | 75% | 20% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
Rye flour | 100% | 88% | 60% | 75% | 60% | 13% | 40% | 13% |
Soy flour | 100% | 100% | 85% | 92% | 12% | 25% | 4% | 8% |
Tabanus spp. | 100% | 73% | 100% | 100% | 47% | 82% | 29% | 27% |
Trichoepidermophytes mix | 88% | 100% | 75% | 70% | 10% | 10% | 5% | 0% |
Tyrophagus putrescentiae | 100% | 91% | 75% | 73% | 17% | 18% | 8% | 0% |
Ulmus campestris | 100% | 100% | 44% | 25% | 11% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
Wheat flour | 100% | 100% | 77% | 92% | 15% | 25% | 0% | 0% |
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Lo Feudo, C.M.; Stucchi, L.; Alberti, E.; Conturba, B.; Zucca, E.; Ferrucci, F. Intradermal Testing Results in Horses Affected by Mild-Moderate and Severe Equine Asthma. Animals 2021, 11, 2086. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11072086
Lo Feudo CM, Stucchi L, Alberti E, Conturba B, Zucca E, Ferrucci F. Intradermal Testing Results in Horses Affected by Mild-Moderate and Severe Equine Asthma. Animals. 2021; 11(7):2086. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11072086
Chicago/Turabian StyleLo Feudo, Chiara Maria, Luca Stucchi, Elena Alberti, Bianca Conturba, Enrica Zucca, and Francesco Ferrucci. 2021. "Intradermal Testing Results in Horses Affected by Mild-Moderate and Severe Equine Asthma" Animals 11, no. 7: 2086. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11072086