Radiogrametric Analysis of the Thoracic Limb Phalanges in Arabian Horses and Thoroughbred Horses
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
- Depth of the basis (DBP), greatest depth.
- Depth of the caput (DCP), greatest depth.
- Length of the middle (LMP).
- Index 1 (DBP × DCP/LMP).
- Depth of the basis (DBM), greatest depth.
- Depth of the caput (DCM), greatest depth.
- Length of the middle (LMM).
- Index 1 (DBM × DCM/LMM).
- Length of the dorsal surface (LD), length of facies parietalis of the distal phalanx.
- Greatest solear length (GSL), distance between the crena marginis solearis and the processus palmaris.
- Length of the caudo-dorsal surface (FA), distance between the processus extensorius of the distal phalanx and the processus palmaris.
- Index 3 (LD × GSL/FA).
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Thoroughbred Horses | Arabian Horses | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Measurement | Sex | n | Mean (cm) | SD | p Value | n | Mean (cm) | SD | p Value |
DBP | Female | 15 | 4.72 | 0.25 | 0.84 | 7 | 4.30 | 0.14 | 0.06 |
Male | 35 | 4.74 | 0.30 | 18 | 4.46 | 0.20 | |||
DCP | Female | 15 | 2.99 | 0.13 | 0.05 | 7 | 2.73 | 0.10 | 0.07 |
Male | 35 | 3.09 | 0.19 | 18 | 2.83 | 0.13 | |||
LMP | Female | 15 | 9.82 | 0.38 | 0.44 | 7 | 8.99 | 0.39 | 0.03 |
Male | 35 | 9.93 | 0.47 | 18 | 9.39 | 0.37 | |||
Index 1 | Female | 15 | 1.44 | 0.10 | 0.32 | 7 | 1.31 | 0.06 | 0.37 |
Male | 35 | 1.48 | 0.15 | 18 | 1.35 | 0.11 | |||
DBM | Female | 15 | 4.02 | 0.19 | 0.23 | 7 | 3.69 | 0.25 | 0.11 |
Male | 35 | 4.11 | 0.24 | 18 | 3.85 | 0.19 | |||
DCM | Female | 15 | 3.02 | 0.22 | 0.53 | 7 | 2.70 | 0.10 | 0.06 |
Male | 35 | 3.06 | 0.21 | 18 | 2.86 | 0.20 | |||
LMM | Female | 15 | 4.28 | 0.18 | 0.71 | 7 | 3.67 | 0.32 | 0.00 |
Male | 35 | 4.31 | 0.29 | 18 | 4.00 | 0.19 | |||
Index 2 | Female | 15 | 2.85 | 0.31 | 0.36 | 7 | 2.73 | 0.17 | 0.75 |
Male | 35 | 2.93 | 0.26 | 18 | 2.76 | 0.28 | |||
LD | Female | 15 | 6.81 | 0.37 | 0.77 | 7 | 6.40 | 0.41 | 0.03 |
Male | 35 | 6.84 | 0.44 | 18 | 6.92 | 0.52 | |||
GSL | Female | 15 | 8.63 | 0.59 | 0.96 | 7 | 8.45 | 0.53 | 0.06 |
Male | 35 | 8.62 | 0.62 | 18 | 8.92 | 0.52 | |||
FA | Female | 15 | 6.28 | 0.36 | 0.33 | 7 | 6.19 | 0.48 | 0.38 |
Male | 35 | 6.16 | 0.43 | 18 | 6.37 | 0.43 | |||
Index 3 | Female | 15 | 9.36 | 0.81 | 0.38 | 7 | 8.75 | 0.51 | 0.02 |
Male | 35 | 9.61 | 0.93 | 18 | 9.72 | 0.98 |
Measurement | Breed | n | Mean (cm) | SD | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
DBP | Arabian | 25 | 4.42 | 0.19 | 0.00 |
Thoroughbred | 50 | 4.73 | 0.28 | ||
DCP | Arabian | 25 | 2.80 | 0.13 | 0.00 |
Thoroughbred | 50 | 3.06 | 0.18 | ||
LMP | Arabian | 25 | 9.28 | 0.41 | 0.00 |
Thoroughbred | 50 | 9.89 | 0.45 | ||
Index 1 | Arabian | 25 | 1.34 | 0.10 | 0.00 |
Thoroughbred | 50 | 1.47 | 0.14 | ||
DBM | Arabian | 25 | 3.81 | 0.22 | 0.00 |
Thoroughbred | 50 | 4.09 | 0.23 | ||
DCM | Arabian | 25 | 2.82 | 0.19 | 0.00 |
Thoroughbred | 50 | 3.05 | 0.21 | ||
LMM | Arabian | 25 | 3.90 | 0.27 | 0.00 |
Thoroughbred | 50 | 4.30 | 0.26 | ||
Index 2 | Arabian | 25 | 2.75 | 0.25 | 0.03 |
Thoroughbred | 50 | 2.90 | 0.27 | ||
LD | Arabian | 25 | 6.78 | 0.54 | 0.63 |
Thoroughbred | 50 | 6.83 | 0.42 | ||
GSL | Arabian | 25 | 8.79 | 0.55 | 0.26 |
Thoroughbred | 50 | 8.63 | 0.60 | ||
FA | Arabian | 25 | 6.32 | 0.44 | 0.24 |
Thoroughbred | 50 | 6.19 | 0.41 | ||
Index 3 | Arabian | 25 | 9.45 | 0.97 | 0.71 |
Thoroughbred | 50 | 9.53 | 0.90 |
V | UC | Constant | SM | WL | E | GC | CC | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proximal phalanx | DBP | −16.584 | 25.973 | −0.614 | 0.524 | −0.909 | A: 1.330 T: −0.665 | 0.690 |
DCP | −28.755 | −0.801 | ||||||
LMP | 6.686 | −0.705 | ||||||
Index 1 | 50.261 | −0.520 | ||||||
Middle phalanx | DBM | 0.931 | −17.503 | 0.780 | 0.638 | 0.567 | A: −1.051 T: 0.525 | 0.602 |
DCP | 2.555 | 0.721 | ||||||
LMM | 2.187 | 0.951 | ||||||
Index 2 | −1.026 | 0.353 | ||||||
Distal phalanx | LD | −1.969 | −4.331 | −0.267 | 0.958 | 0.044 | A: 294 T: −1.147 | 0.206 |
GSL | 1.706 | 0.632 | ||||||
FA | 0.454 | 0.666 | ||||||
Index 3 | 0.012 | −0.208 |
Arabian | Thoroughbred | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Proximal phalanx | Arabian | 23 | 2 | 89.33% |
Thoroughbred | 6 | 44 | ||
Middle phalanx | Arabian | 20 | 5 | 77.33% |
Thoroughbred | 12 | 38 | ||
Distal phalanx | Arabian | 15 | 10 | 54.67% |
Thoroughbred | 24 | 26 |
DBP | DCP | LMP | DBM | DCP | LMM | LD | GSL | FA | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | −0.021 | −0.020 | 0.076 | −0.064 | −0.121 | −0.030 | 0.204 | 0.381 ** | 0.227 |
DBP | 0.609 ** | 0.612 ** | 0.671 ** | 0.456 ** | 0.698 ** | 0.425 ** | 0.142 | 0.055 | |
DCP | 0.508 ** | 0.692 ** | 0.686 ** | 0.667 ** | 0.339 ** | 0.020 | −0.043 | ||
LMP | 0.491 ** | 0.355 ** | 0.691 ** | 0.280* | 0.234 * | 0.080 | |||
DBM | 0.794 ** | 0.749 ** | 0.352 ** | 0.104 | 0.104 | ||||
DCP | 0.615 ** | 0.272 * | 0.069 | 0.085 | |||||
LMM | 0.423 ** | 0.128 | 0.039 | ||||||
LD | 0.559 ** | 0.299 ** | |||||||
GSL | 0.760 ** |
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Gündemir, O.; Szara, T.; Pazvant, G.; Erdikmen, D.O.; Duro, S.; Perez, W. Radiogrametric Analysis of the Thoracic Limb Phalanges in Arabian Horses and Thoroughbred Horses. Animals 2021, 11, 2205. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11082205
Gündemir O, Szara T, Pazvant G, Erdikmen DO, Duro S, Perez W. Radiogrametric Analysis of the Thoracic Limb Phalanges in Arabian Horses and Thoroughbred Horses. Animals. 2021; 11(8):2205. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11082205
Chicago/Turabian StyleGündemir, Ozan, Tomasz Szara, Gülsün Pazvant, Dilek Olğun Erdikmen, Sokol Duro, and William Perez. 2021. "Radiogrametric Analysis of the Thoracic Limb Phalanges in Arabian Horses and Thoroughbred Horses" Animals 11, no. 8: 2205. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11082205