Strategies and Mechanisms of Thermal Compensation in Newborn Water Buffaloes
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Hypothermia in Newborn Ruminants
3. Intrinsic Factors Affecting the Temperature in the Newborn Buffalo
3.1. Birth Weight
3.2. Skin Features
3.3. Neonatal Vitality
4. Effect of Environmental Factors
5. Thermoregulatory Mechanisms Triggered to Face Neonatal Hypothermia
5.1. Vasomotor Control
5.2. BAT Thermogenesis
5.3. Shivering Thermogenesis
5.4. Changes in Behavior and Posture in the Face of Cold Stress
6. Colostrum Intake: Nutritional, Immunological, and Physicochemical Aspects
7. Evaluation of the Thermal Response through Infrared Thermography (IRT)
7.1. Central Thermal Windows
7.2. Peripheral Thermal Windows
8. Future Directions
9. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mota-Rojas, D.; Braghieri, A.; Ghezzi, M.; Ceriani, M.C.; Martínez-Burnes, J.; Lendez, P.A.; Pereira, A.M.F.; Lezama-García, K.; Domínguez-Oliva, A.; Casas-Alvarado, A.; et al. Strategies and Mechanisms of Thermal Compensation in Newborn Water Buffaloes. Animals 2023, 13, 2161. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13132161
Mota-Rojas D, Braghieri A, Ghezzi M, Ceriani MC, Martínez-Burnes J, Lendez PA, Pereira AMF, Lezama-García K, Domínguez-Oliva A, Casas-Alvarado A, et al. Strategies and Mechanisms of Thermal Compensation in Newborn Water Buffaloes. Animals. 2023; 13(13):2161. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13132161
Chicago/Turabian StyleMota-Rojas, Daniel, Ada Braghieri, Marcelo Ghezzi, María Carolina Ceriani, Julio Martínez-Burnes, Pamela Anahí Lendez, Alfredo M. F. Pereira, Karina Lezama-García, Adriana Domínguez-Oliva, Alejandro Casas-Alvarado, and et al. 2023. "Strategies and Mechanisms of Thermal Compensation in Newborn Water Buffaloes" Animals 13, no. 13: 2161. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13132161