The Genetic Identification of Numerous Apicomplexan Sarcocystis Species in Intestines of Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo)
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Collection of Common Buzzard Samples
2.2. Preparation of Intestines and Microscopical Characterisation of Sarcocystis spp.
2.3. Molecular Analysis of Sarcocystis spp.
2.4. Phylogenetic Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Microscopical Detection of Sarcocystis spp. Oocysts/Sporocyst
3.2. Molecular Identification of Sarcocystis spp. Using Birds as Their Intermediate Hosts and Common Buzzards as Definitive Hosts
3.3. Molecular Characterisation of S. glareoli and Three Potentially New Sarcocystis Species Detected in Intestines of Common Buzzards
3.4. Phylogeny of Sarcocystis spp. Identified in Common Buzzards Using Rodents as Their Intermediate Hosts
3.5. The Prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. Identified in the Common Buzzard from Lithuania
4. Discussion
4.1. The Role of Common Buzzards in the Transmission of Sarcocystis spp. Using Rodents as Their IH
4.2. The Role of Common Buzzards in the Transmission of Sarcocystis spp. Using Birds as Their IH
4.3. Common Buzzards as Definitive Hosts of Potentially New Sarcocystis Species
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Primer Name | Orientation | Primer Sequence (5′-3′) | Locus | Length (bp) | Target Species | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SU1F | Forward | GATTGAGTGTTCCGGTGAATTATT | ITS1 region * | ~1000 | Sarcocystis spp. | [49] |
5.8SR2 | Reverse | AAGGTGCCATTTGCGTTCAGAA | ||||
GsScalF2 | Forward | CCTTTTGTAAGGTTGGGGACATA | ITS1 | 584 | S. calchasi | [11] |
GsScalR2 | Reverse | GCCTCCCTCCCTCTTTTTG | ||||
GsScolF | Forward | ATATGTTCATCCTTTCGTAGCGTTG | ITS1 | 579 | S. columbae | [51] |
GsScolR | Reverse | GCCATCCCTTTTTCTAAGAGAAGTC | ||||
GsScornF2 | Forward | AGTTGTTGACGTTCGTGAGGTC | ITS1 | 483 | S. cornixi | [51] |
GsScornR2 | Reverse | ACACACTACTCATTATCTCCTACTCCT | ||||
GsScovF | Forward | TATTCATTCTTTCGGTAGTGTTGAG | ITS1 | 524 | S. corvusi | [51] |
GsScovR | Reverse | TTACTCTTTTAACAGCTTCGCTGAG | ||||
GsSfulF | Forward | CAAAGATGAAGAAGGTATATACGTGAA | ITS1 | 449 | S. fulicae | [51] |
GsSfulR | Reverse | CTTTACTCTTGAAGAACGACGTTGA | ||||
GsShalF | Forward | GATAATTGACTTTACGCGCCATTAC | ITS1 | 644 | S. halieti | [51] |
GsShalR2 | Reverse | CCATCCCTTTTTCTAAAGGAGGTC | ||||
GsSkutkF2 | Forward | ACACACGGTCGAGTTGATATGAC | ITS1 | 625 | S. kutkienae | [51] |
GsSkutkR2 | Reverse | TCTTTACCCTTAAACAATTTCGTTG | ||||
GsSlarF | Forward | TTCGTGAGGTTATTATCATTGTGCT | ITS1 | 545 | S. lari | [51] |
GsSlarR | Reverse | GGCGATAGAAATCAAAGCAGTAGTA | ||||
GsSturF | Forward | GATTTTTGATGTCCGTTGAAGTTAT | ITS1 | 561 | S. turdusi | [51] |
GsSturR | Reverse | CATTCAAATATGCTCTCTTCCTTCT | ||||
GsSwobF | Forward | ATGAACTGCTTTTTCTTCCATCTTT | ITS1 | 532 | S. wobeseri | [51] |
GsSwobR2 | Reverse | CTCCTCTTGAAGGTGGTCGTGT | ||||
GsSglajamF1 | Forward | TTTCGTAGCGCTGAGGAGATT | ITS1 | ~560 | S. glareoli/S. jamaicensis | PS |
GsSglajamR1 | Reverse | TGCTTTTCTTCCTTTACTTTTGAATG | PS | |||
Sgrau281 | Forward | GCGGAGGAAAAGAAAATAACAAT | 28S rRNA | ~900 | Sarcocystis spp. from rodents | [36] |
Sgrau282 | Reverse | CTATCGCTTAGGACCGGCTA | ||||
GsSglaF1 | Forward | GCAAAATGTGTGGTAAGTTTCACAT | 28S rRNA | 565 | S. glareoli | [12] |
GsSglaR1 | Reverse | CCCTCTAAAAAGATGTTACCCTTCT | ||||
GsSmicF1 | Forward | TGTGGTAAGTTTCACATAAGGCTAA | 28S rRNA | 553 | S. microti | [12] |
GsSmicR1 | Reverse | CTTTCTAAAAAGATGTACCTTCTCCT | ||||
SgraupaukF | Forward | CGTATTTGCCCTGTGTCCTT | 28S rRNA | ~660 | Sarcocystis spp. from rodents | PS |
SgraupaukR | Reverse | GTCGTAGGTGCAAAGCATAACATC | PS |
Species | GenBank Accession Numbers | Intraspecific Similarity (%) * | Interspecific Similarity, Comparing with Most Closely Related Species (%) * |
---|---|---|---|
S. cornixi | PP937501 | 98.6–100 | S. kutkienae 88.7–90.5 |
S. halieti | PP937502–PP937512 | 96.3–100 | S. columbae 91.1–92.5 |
S. kutkienae | PP937513, PP937514 | 99.0–100 | S. cornixi 88.4–89.1 |
S. turdusi | PP937515 | 98.4–100 | S. wobeseri 84.8–86.1 |
S. wobeseri | PP937516–PP937522 | 99.0–100 | S. calchasi 91.9–92.7 |
Species | Genetic Region | Primer pairs | GenBank Acc No. | Percentage Intraspecific Similarity (Number of Sequences Determined in the Present Study) * | Percentage Interspecific Similarity, Comparing with Most Closely Related Species * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. glareoli | 28S rRNA | GsSglaF1/ GsSglaR1 and SgraupaukF/ SgraupaukR | PP938236– PP938265 | 99.8–100 (30) | S. jamaicensis 99.6–99.7 |
S. glareoli | ITS1 | GsSglaF1/ GsSglaR1 | PP937483–P937498 | 100 (16) | S. sp. Rod3 98.5 |
S. sp. Rod3 | 28S rRNA | GsSglaF1/ GsSglaR1 and SgraupaukF/ SgraupaukR | PP938266– PP938268 | 100 (3) | S. jamaicensis 99.8 |
S. sp. Rod3 | ITS1 | GsSglaF1/ GsSglaR1 | PP937499– PP937500 | 100 (2) | S. glareoli 98.5 |
S. sp. Rod4 | 28S rRNA | SgraupaukF/ SgraupaukR | PP938269, PP938270 | 100 (2) | S. sp. Rod5 97.7 |
S. sp. Rod5 | 28S rRNA | SgraupaukF/ SgraupaukR | PP938271 | not applicable (1) | S. cf. strixi and S. sp. Rod4 97.7 |
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Šukytė, T.; Juozaitytė-Ngugu, E.; Švažas, S.; Butkauskas, D.; Prakas, P. The Genetic Identification of Numerous Apicomplexan Sarcocystis Species in Intestines of Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo). Animals 2024, 14, 2391. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14162391
Šukytė T, Juozaitytė-Ngugu E, Švažas S, Butkauskas D, Prakas P. The Genetic Identification of Numerous Apicomplexan Sarcocystis Species in Intestines of Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo). Animals. 2024; 14(16):2391. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14162391
Chicago/Turabian StyleŠukytė, Tautvilė, Evelina Juozaitytė-Ngugu, Saulius Švažas, Dalius Butkauskas, and Petras Prakas. 2024. "The Genetic Identification of Numerous Apicomplexan Sarcocystis Species in Intestines of Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo)" Animals 14, no. 16: 2391. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14162391