Clinicopathological and Molecular Investigation of Newcastle Disease Outbreaks in Vaccinated and Non-Vaccinated Broiler Chicken Flocks in Nepal
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Outbreak Summary
2.2. Clinical Observations and Rapid Screening of NDV
2.3. Gross Pathology
2.4. Histopathology
2.5. Molecular Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Clinical Findings
3.2. Rapid Screening Test
3.3. Necropsy Findings
3.4. Histopathology Findings
3.5. Molecular Findings
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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District | Farm Location | Flock Size | Age of Onset (Days) | Vaccine Administered 1 | Vaccinated on (days) | Eventual Fatality | Estimated Number of Sick Birds at Reporting | Positive/Tested Samples (ND Rapid Test Kits) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chitwan | Khadrauli | 500 | 19 | F1 | 6 | 100% | 125 | 11/12 |
Shukranagar | 790 | 22 | - | - | 100% | 160 | 14/16 | |
Jhuwani, | 600 | 30 | F1 | 7 | 100% | 100 | 9/10 | |
LaSota | 28 | |||||||
Tandi | 400 | 30 | F1 | 7 | 100% | 150 | 15/15 | |
Tandi | 1000 | 16 | F1 | 5 | 100% | 200 | 18/20 | |
Bakulahar | 500 | 36 | - | - | 100% | 250 | 25/25 | |
Parbatipur | 650 | 34 | F1 | 7 | 100% | 150 | 14/15 | |
LaSota | 28 | |||||||
Nawalpur | Daldale | 3200 | 19 | F1 | 6 | 100% | 400 | 37/40 |
Harkapur | 700 | 32 | F1 | 6 | 100% | 200 | 19/20 | |
Gaidakot | 1500 | 27 | F1 | 6 | 100% | 200 | 18/20 | |
LaSota | 25 | |||||||
Total | 9840 | = 26.5 | 1935 | 180/193 |
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Regmi, S.; Bhatta, R.; Pal, P.; Shrestha, A.; Mató, T.; Puri, B.; Paudel, S. Clinicopathological and Molecular Investigation of Newcastle Disease Outbreaks in Vaccinated and Non-Vaccinated Broiler Chicken Flocks in Nepal. Animals 2024, 14, 2423. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14162423
Regmi S, Bhatta R, Pal P, Shrestha A, Mató T, Puri B, Paudel S. Clinicopathological and Molecular Investigation of Newcastle Disease Outbreaks in Vaccinated and Non-Vaccinated Broiler Chicken Flocks in Nepal. Animals. 2024; 14(16):2423. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14162423
Chicago/Turabian StyleRegmi, Subash, Rajesh Bhatta, Pushkar Pal, Arvindra Shrestha, Tamás Mató, Bikash Puri, and Surya Paudel. 2024. "Clinicopathological and Molecular Investigation of Newcastle Disease Outbreaks in Vaccinated and Non-Vaccinated Broiler Chicken Flocks in Nepal" Animals 14, no. 16: 2423. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14162423