Effects of Starve and Shelter Availability on the Group Behavior of Two Freshwater Fish Species (Chindongo demasoni and Spinibarbus sinensis)
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Fish and Animal Ethics
2.2. Experimental Overview
2.3. Experimental Devices and Measurement Methods
2.4. Data Collection and Calculations
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effects of Simulated Predation Attack, Fasting and Shelter on Dynamics
3.2. Effects of Simulated Predation Attack, Fasting and Shelter on Distribution
3.3. Effects of Simulated Predation Attack, Fasting and Shelter on Distribution and Dynamics
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ic | Grouping Frequency (times/min−1) | Duration of Group (s) | Percentage of Time in Group (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. sinensis | C. demasoni | S. sinensis | C. demasoni | S. sinensis | C. demasoni | S. sinensis | C. demasoni | |
Predation, P | F1,28 = 0.118 p = 0.734 | F1,56 = 32.191 p < 0.001 * | F1,28 = 11.024 p = 0.003 * | F1,28 = 1.954 p = 0.173 | F1,28 = 11.188 p = 0.003 * | F1,28 = 22.737 p < 0.001 * | F1,28 = 0.624 p = 0.436 | F1,28 = 36.843 p < 0.001 * |
Fasting, F | F1,28 = 0.818 p = 0.374 | F1,56 = 4.494 p = 0.038 * | F1,28 = 1.127 p = 0.297 | F1,28 = 14.386 p < 0.001 * | F1,28 = 0.420 p = 0.522 | F1,28 = 2.660 p = 0.114 | F1,28 = 0.511 p = 0.480 | F1,28 = 0.144 p = 0.707 |
Shelter, S | F1,28 = 0.010 p = 0.921 | F1,56 = 2.478 p = 0.121 | F1,28 = 5.024 p = 0.033 * | F1,28 = 0.030 p = 0.864 | F1,28 = 0.080 p = 0.779 | F1,28 = 7.545 p = 0.010 * | F1,28 = 0.624 p = 0.436 | F1,28 = 14.208 p < 0.001 * |
P × F | F1,28 = 0.320 p = 0.576 | F1,56 = 0.004 p = 0.951 | F1,28 = 0.110 p = 0.742 | F1,28 = 3.231 p = 0.083 | F1,28 = 0.544 p = 0.467 | F1,28 = 1.927 p = 0.176 | F1,28 = 3.109 p = 0.089 | F1,28 = 7.808 p = 0.009 |
P × S | F1,28 = 0.010 p = 0.921 | F1,56 = 0.233 p = 0.631 | F1,28 = 0.441 p = 0.512 | F1,28 = 2.553 p = 0.121 | F1,28 = 0.053 p = 0.819 | F1,28 = 3.642 p = 0.067 | F1,28 = 1.032 p = 0.318 | F1,28 = 3.749 p = 0.063 |
F × S | F1,28 = 1.274 p = 0.269 | F1,56 = 0.041 p = 0.840 | F1,28 = 2.352 p = 0.136 | F1,28 = 0.268 p = 0.609 | F1,28 = 2.954 p = 0.097 | F1,28 = 0.591 p = 0.448 | F1,28 = 3.335 p = 0.078 | F1,28 = 0.014 p = 0.905 |
P × F × S | F1,28 = 5.688 p = 0.024 * | F1,56 = 1.026 p = 0.351 | F1,28 = 0.992 p = 0.328 | F1,28 = 0.000 p = 1.000 | F1,28 = 2.232 p = 0.146 | F1,27 = 1.166 p = 0.289 | F1,28 = 0.000 p = 0.992 | F1,28 = 1.482 p = 0.234 |
Density in the Arm (ind arm−1) | Density in the Center Area (ind center−1) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
S. sinensis | C. demasoni | S. sinensis | C. demasoni | |
Predation, P | F1,28 = 15.088 p = 0.001 * | F1,28 = 0.029 p = 0.865 | F1,28 = 15.151 p = 0.001 * | F1,28 = 0.037 p = 0.849 |
Fasting, F | F1,28 = 1.540 p = 0.225 | F1,28 = 0.420 p = 0.552 | F1,28 = 1.374 p = 0.251 | F1,28 = 0.413 p = 0.526 |
Shelter, S | F1,28 = 7.076 p = 0.013 * | F1,28 = 11.000 p = 0.003 * | F1,28 = 6.781 p = 0.015 * | F1,28 = 10.874 p = 0.003 * |
P × F | F1,28 = 0.010 p = 0.921 | F1,28 = 11.633 p = 0.002 * | F1,28 = 0.005 p = 0.945 | F1,28 = 11.627 p = 0.002 * |
P × S | F1,28 = 0.125 p = 0.921 | F1,28 = 14.595 p = 0.001 * | F1,28 = 0.071 p = 0.792 | F1,28 = 14.514 p = 0.001 * |
F × S | F1,28 = 1.672 p = 0.207 | F1,28 = 6.669 p = 0.015 * | F1,28 = 1.448 p = 0.239 | F1,28 = 6.581 p = 0.016 * |
P × F × S | F1,28 = 0.285 p = 0.597 | F1,28 = 1.781 p = 0.193 | F1,28 = 0.168 p = 0.685 | F1,28 = 1.782 p = 0.193 |
Density in Arm (ind arm−1) | Percentage of Time in Group (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
S. sinensis | C. demasoni | S. sinensis | C. demasoni | |
Predation, P | F1,28 = 6.257 p = 0.018 * | F1,28 = 28.172 p < 0.001 * | F1,28 = 10.018 p = 0.004 * | F1,27.55 = 87.856 p < 0.001 * |
Fasting, F | F1,28 = 0.185 p = 0.670 | F1,28 = 0.129 p = 0.490 | F1,28 = 1.418 p = 0.244 | F1,27.98 = 1.281 p = 0.267 |
Arm type, A | F1,28 = 26.508 p < 0.001 * | F1,28 = 73.862 p < 0.001 * | F1,28 = 13.698 p = 0.001 * | F1,27.98 = 98.440 p < 0.001 * |
P × F | F1,28 = 0.677 p = 0.418 | F1,28 = 0.025 p = 0.875 | F1,28 = 0.346 p = 0.561 | F1,27.55 = 0.002 p = 0.967 |
P × A | F1,28 = 11.502 p = 0.002 * | F1,28 = 51.944 p < 0.001 * | F1,28 = 17.805 p < 0.001 * | F1,27.55 = 113.310 p < 0.001 * |
F × A | F1,28 = 166 p = 0.687 | F1,28 = 0.063 p = 0.803 | F1,28 = 0.306 p = 0.584 | F1,27.98 = 2.697 p = 0.112 |
P × F × A | F1,28 = 1.683 p = 0.205 | F1,28 = 0.035 p = 0.852 | F1,28 = 3.431 p = 0.075 | F1,27.55 = 0.189 p = 0.667 |
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Li, W.; Li, J.; Fu, S. Effects of Starve and Shelter Availability on the Group Behavior of Two Freshwater Fish Species (Chindongo demasoni and Spinibarbus sinensis). Animals 2024, 14, 2429. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14162429
Li W, Li J, Fu S. Effects of Starve and Shelter Availability on the Group Behavior of Two Freshwater Fish Species (Chindongo demasoni and Spinibarbus sinensis). Animals. 2024; 14(16):2429. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14162429
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Wuxin, Jiaqian Li, and Shijian Fu. 2024. "Effects of Starve and Shelter Availability on the Group Behavior of Two Freshwater Fish Species (Chindongo demasoni and Spinibarbus sinensis)" Animals 14, no. 16: 2429. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14162429