Seasonal Variation in Mammalian Mesopredator Spatiotemporal Overlap on a Barrier Island Complex
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Camera Trapping
2.3. Data Organization
2.4. Habitat Classification
2.5. Detection Rates and Habitat Use
2.6. Activity Overlap
3. Results
3.1. Seasonal Influences on Species Presence and Habitat Usage
3.2. Seasonal Influence on Activity Patterns and Temporal Overlap
4. Discussion
4.1. Seasonality and Temporal Partitioning
4.2. Species Space Use and Seasonality
4.3. Seasonality in Habitat Associations
4.4. Considering Other Mesopredators
4.5. Management Implications
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Location | Beach | Mangrove | Forest | Human | Ocean |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 63 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 37 |
2 | 62 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 38 |
3 | 34 | 19 | 37 | 10 | 0 |
4 | 0 | 8 | 92 | 0 | 0 |
5 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
6 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
7 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
9 | 27 | 17 | 0 | 56 | 0 |
10 | 0 | 49 | 3 | 47 | 0 |
11 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 94 | 0 |
12 | 0 | 0 | 99 | 1 | 0 |
13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 99 | 0 |
14 | 20 | 61 | 0 | 18 | 1 |
15 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
16 | 0 | 59 | 0 | 41 | 0 |
17 | 14 | 9 | 0 | 77 | 0 |
18 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 75 | 0 |
19 | 9 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
20 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 78 | 2 |
Locations Observed | Dry | Wet | |
---|---|---|---|
coyote | 18 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.22 ± 0.02 |
raccoon | 19 | 1.26 ± 0.07 | 0.55 ± 0.03 |
opossum | 13 | 0.59 ± 0.06 | 0.31 ± 0.03 |
Wet | Dry | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Species | Fixed Effect | Estimate | SE | Z-Value | p-Value | Estimate | SE | Z-Value | p-Value |
coyote | intercept | 0.24 | 0.17 | 1.42 | 0.155 | 0.16 | 0.07 | 2.21 | 0.027 |
beach | −0.02 | 0.02 | −1.19 | 0.236 | −0.01 | 0.01 | −1.23 | 0.219 | |
mangrove | −0.02 | 0.02 | −1.11 | 0.268 | −0.01 | 0.01 | −0.94 | 0.348 | |
forest | 0 | 0.02 | −0.03 | 0.977 | 0 | 0.01 | 0.17 | 0.863 | |
human | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.32 | 0.746 | 0 | 0.01 | −0.46 | 0.646 | |
raccoon rate | 0.19 | 0.08 | 2.44 | 0.015 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.28 | 0.777 | |
opossum rate | −0.08 | 0.14 | −0.59 | 0.552 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.17 | 0.866 | |
raccoon | intercept | −0.17 | 0.2 | −0.85 | 0.397 | −0.05 | 0.29 | −0.16 | 0.869 |
beach | 0.03 | 0.02 | 1.34 | 0.181 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 1.49 | 0.135 | |
mangrove | −0.01 | 0.02 | −0.37 | 0.715 | −0.01 | 0.03 | −0.21 | 0.831 | |
forest | 0.03 | 0.02 | 1.8 | 0.071 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 1.07 | 0.284 | |
human | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.92 | 0.358 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.95 | 0.342 | |
coyote rate | 0.67 | 0.25 | 2.69 | 0.007 | 0.19 | 0.66 | 0.28 | 0.777 | |
opossum rate | 0.56 | 0.2 | 2.84 | 0.005 | 0.81 | 0.21 | 3.84 | <0.001 | |
opossum | intercept | 0.12 | 0.21 | 0.59 | 0.552 | 0.03 | 0.24 | 0.13 | 0.898 |
beach | 0 | 0.02 | −0.13 | 0.899 | 0.00 | 0.02 | −0.2 | 0.845 | |
mangrove | 0.02 | 0.02 | 1.2 | 0.232 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 2.28 | 0.022 | |
forest | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.65 | 0.515 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 1.24 | 0.215 | |
human | −0.02 | 0.02 | −0.7 | 0.485 | −0.03 | 0.02 | −1.24 | 0.216 | |
coyote rate | −0.14 | 0.23 | −0.6 | 0.548 | 0.09 | 0.43 | 0.21 | 0.837 | |
raccoon rate | 0.25 | 0.1 | 2.39 | 0.017 | 0.33 | 0.1 | 3.24 | 0.001 |
Season | Species 1 | Species 2 | Δ | 95% CI | Watson’s U2 | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
dry and wet | coyote | coyote | 0.81 | 0.72–0.89 | 0.41 | p < 0.001 |
dry and wet | raccoon | raccoon | 0.89 | 0.84–0.94 | 0.36 | p < 0.01 |
dry and wet | opossum | opossum | 0.90 | 0.85–0.96 | 0.24 | p < 0.05 |
dry | coyote | raccoon | 0.81 | 0.74–0.87 | 0.60 | p < 0.001 |
dry | coyote | opossum | 0.78 | 0.71–0.85 | 0.94 | p < 0.001 |
dry | raccoon | opossum | 0.85 | 0.80–0.89 | 1.06 | p < 0.001 |
wet | coyote | raccoon | 0.91 | 0.85–0.97 | 0.12 | p > 0.10 |
wet | coyote | opossum | 0.94 | 0.90–1.00 | 0.07 | p > 0.10 |
wet | raccoon | opossum | 0.92 | 0.87–0.99 | 0.15 | p > 0.10 |
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Bransford, T.D.; Harris, S.A.; Forys, E.A. Seasonal Variation in Mammalian Mesopredator Spatiotemporal Overlap on a Barrier Island Complex. Animals 2024, 14, 2431. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14162431
Bransford TD, Harris SA, Forys EA. Seasonal Variation in Mammalian Mesopredator Spatiotemporal Overlap on a Barrier Island Complex. Animals. 2024; 14(16):2431. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14162431
Chicago/Turabian StyleBransford, Timothy D., Spencer A. Harris, and Elizabeth A. Forys. 2024. "Seasonal Variation in Mammalian Mesopredator Spatiotemporal Overlap on a Barrier Island Complex" Animals 14, no. 16: 2431. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14162431