Identification of Aeromonas veronii as the Pathogen Associated with Massive Mortality in Bronze Gudgeon (Coreius heterodon)
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Bronze Gudgeon
2.2. Histological Analysis
2.3. Bacterial Isolation
2.4. Identification of the Bacteria
2.5. WH10 Challenge Experiment
2.6. Susceptibility to Antibiotics Assay
2.7. Screening of Virulence-Related Genes
2.8. Blood Parameters
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Clinical Signs of the Disease
3.2. Pathological Features
3.3. Morphological Characterization of WH10
3.4. Sequence Analysis of the 16S rRNA Gene
3.5. Virulence Gene Detection
3.6. Bacterial Biochemical Identification
3.7. Antibiotic Susceptibility Analysis
3.8. Differential Leukocyte Counts (DLC)
3.9. Serum Biochemical Analysis
3.10. Pathogenicity
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene Name | Primer Name | Primers (5′-3″) | References |
---|---|---|---|
16S rRNA | 16S rRNA-F | AGAGTTTGATCATGGCTCAG | [12] |
16S rRNA-R | TACGGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT | ||
ascV | ascV-F | AGCAGATGAGTATCGACGG | [13] |
ascV-R | AGGCATTCTCCTGTACCAG | ||
hlyA | hlyA-F | GGCCGGTGGCCCGAAGATACGGG | [14] |
hlyA-R | GGCGGCGCCGGACGAGACGGGG | ||
aerA | aerA-F | CAAGAACAAGTTCAAGTGGCCA | [13] |
aerA-R | ACGAAGGTGTGGTTCCAGT | ||
LuxS | LuxS-F | GATCCTCTCCGAGGCGTGG | [14] |
LuxS-R | AGGCTTTTCAGCTTCTCTTCC | ||
act | act-F | TCTCCATGCTTCCCTTCCACT | [13] |
act-R | AACTGACATCGGCCTTGAACTC | ||
alt | alt-F | TGACCCAGTCCTGGCACGGC | [13] |
alt-R | GGTGATCGATCACCACCAGC | ||
ast | ast-F | TCTCCATGCTTCCCTTCCACT | [13] |
ast-R | GTGTAGGGATTGAAGAAGCCG | ||
lip | lip-F | CACCTGGT(T/G)CCGCTCAAG | [15] |
lip-R | GTACCGAACCAGTCGGAGAA | ||
exu | exu-F | AGACATGCACAACCTCTTCC | [16] |
exu-R | GATTGGTATTGCCTTGCAAG | ||
aha | aha-F | GGCTATTGCTATCCCGGCTCTGTT | [15] |
aha-R | CGGTCCACTCGTCGTCCATCTTG |
Reaction Item | Result * | Reaction Item | Result * | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | Negative control | N | E1 | Gelatin | B |
A2 | Dextrin | P | E2 | Glycyl-L-Proline | B |
A3 | D-Maltose | B | E3 | L-Alanine | B |
A4 | D-Trehalose | B | E4 | L-Arginine | B |
A5 | D-Cellobiose | B | E5 | L-Aspartic Acid | B |
A6 | Gentiobiose | B | E6 | L-Glutamic Acid | B |
A7 | Sucrose | P | E7 | L-Histidine | B |
A8 | D-Turanose | B | E8 | L-Pyroglutamic Acid | B |
A9 | Stachyose | B | E9 | L-Serine | B |
A10 | Positive control | P | E10 | Lincomycin | N |
A11 | Acidic PH PH6 | P | E11 | Guanidine HCl | B |
A12 | Acidic PH PH5 | N | E12 | Niaproof 4 | P |
B1 | D-Raffinose | B | F1 | Pectin | B |
B2 | α-D-Lactose | B | F2 | D-Galacturonic Acid | B |
B3 | D-Melibiose | B | F3 | L-Galactonic Acid Lactone | B |
B4 | β-Methyl-D-Glucoside | B | F4 | D-Galactonic Acid | P |
B5 | D-Salicin | B | F5 | D-Glucuronic Acid | N |
B6 | N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine | P | F6 | Glucuronamide | N |
B7 | N-Acetyl-β-Mannosamine | B | F7 | Mucic Acid | B |
B8 | N-Acetyl-D-Galactosamine | N | F8 | Quinic Acid | B |
B9 | N-Acetyl Neuraminic | B | F9 | D-Saccharic Acid | B |
B10 | 1% NaCl | P | F10 | Vancomycin | P |
B11 | 4% NaCl | N | F11 | Tetrazolium Violet | N |
B12 | 8% NaCl | N | F12 | Tetrazolium Blue | P |
C1 | α-D-Glucose | B | G1 | P-Hydroxy-Phenylacetic Acid | N |
C2 | D-Mannose | B | G2 | Methyl Pyruvate | B |
C3 | D-Fructose | B | G3 | D-Lactic Acid Methyl Ester | B |
C4 | D-Galactose | B | G4 | Lactic Acid | B |
C5 | 3-Methyl Glucose | N | G5 | Citric Acid | B |
C6 | D-Ducrose | N | G6 | α-Keto-Glutaric Acid | B |
C7 | L-Fucose | B | G7 | D-Malic Acid | N |
C8 | L-Rhamnose | B | G8 | L-Malic Acid | P |
C9 | Inosine | N | G9 | Bromo-Succinic-Acid | B |
C10 | 1% Sodium Lactate | B | G10 | Nalidixic Acid | P |
C11 | Fusidic Acid | N | G11 | Lithium Chloride | B |
C12 | D-Serine | B | G12 | Potassium Tellurite | N |
D1 | D-Sorbitol | B | H1 | Tween 40 | P |
D2 | D-Mannitol | B | H2 | γ-Amino-Butyric-Acid | B |
D3 | D-Arabitol | N | H3 | α-Hydroxy- Butyric-Acid | B |
D4 | Myo-Inositol | B | H4 | β--Hydroxy-D, L Butyric-Acid | B |
D5 | Glycerol | B | H5 | α-Keto-Butyric Acid | N |
D6 | D-Glucose-6-po4 | P | H6 | Acetoacetic Acid | B |
D7 | D-Fructose-6-po4 | P | H7 | Propionic Acid | N |
D8 | D-Aspartic acid | N | H8 | Acetic Acid | B |
D9 | D-Serine | B | H9 | Formic Acid | N |
D10 | Troleandomycin | N | H10 | Aztreonam | B |
D11 | Rifamycin SV | P | H11 | Sodium Butyrate | N |
D12 | Minocycline | N | H12 | Sodium Bromate | N |
Drugs | Content (μg/Piece) | Inhibition Zone (mm) | Sensitivity |
---|---|---|---|
Compound Sulfamethoxazoles | 23.75 | 29 | S |
Cefothiophene | 30 | 24 | S |
Doxycycline | 30 | 19 | S |
Sulfamethoxazole | 300 | 16 | S |
Gentamicin | 10 | 13 | I |
Amikacin | 30 | 14 | I |
Neomycin | 30 | 14 | I |
Florfenicol | 30 | 15 | I |
Enrofloxacin | 10 | 13 | I |
Ciprofloxacin | 5 | 8 | R |
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Share and Cite
Liu, W.; Li, M.; Xue, M.; Zhou, Y.; Jiang, N.; Meng, Y.; Liu, Y.; Jiang, J.; Liao, X.; Fan, Y. Identification of Aeromonas veronii as the Pathogen Associated with Massive Mortality in Bronze Gudgeon (Coreius heterodon). Animals 2024, 14, 2440. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14162440
Liu W, Li M, Xue M, Zhou Y, Jiang N, Meng Y, Liu Y, Jiang J, Liao X, Fan Y. Identification of Aeromonas veronii as the Pathogen Associated with Massive Mortality in Bronze Gudgeon (Coreius heterodon). Animals. 2024; 14(16):2440. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14162440
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Wenzhi, Mengmeng Li, Mingyang Xue, Yong Zhou, Nan Jiang, Yan Meng, Yisha Liu, Jingwen Jiang, Xiaolin Liao, and Yuding Fan. 2024. "Identification of Aeromonas veronii as the Pathogen Associated with Massive Mortality in Bronze Gudgeon (Coreius heterodon)" Animals 14, no. 16: 2440. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14162440