Anatomical and Functional Study of the Ostrich (Struthio camelus) Lung through Macroscopic Analysis in Combination with Optical and Electron Microscopy Techniques
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Animals
2.2. Tissue Fixation
2.3. Macroscopic Observations
2.4. Light and Transmission Electron Microscopy
2.5. Silicon Rubber Casting
2.6. Scanning Electron Microscopy
3. Results
3.1. Macroscopic Observations
3.2. Microscopic Observations
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Technique | Animal No. | Age | Sex | Results Accomplished |
---|---|---|---|---|
Macroscopic and Microscopic examination | 1. | Adult | Male | Enumeration of the secondary bronchi; study of the relationship between the secondary bronchi, the intercostal muscles and the ribcage; semithin sections, SEM and TEM micrographs. |
2. | Adult | Female | ||
3 | Adult | Male | ||
Macroscopic examination | 4 | Adult | Male | Enumeration of the secondary bronchi. |
5 * | Adult | Female | Study of the rib cage skeleton and its relationship to the topography of the lung | |
Macroscopic and Microscopic examination | 6 | Chick | ND | Enumeration of the secondary bronchi; semithin sections, SEM and TEM micrographs. |
7 | Chick | ND | ||
Silicon rubber casting | 8 | Chick | ND | Study of the 3D arrangement of secondary bronchi |
9 | Chick | ND | ||
10 | Chick | ND |
Animal. No. | MVSB | LDSB | LVSB | POSB | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | |
1 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 24 | 22 |
2 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 10 | 4 | 6 | 18 | 20 |
3 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 6 | 20 | 22 |
4 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 18 | 20 |
5 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 20 | 18 |
6 | 5 | 5 | 8 | 9 | 5 | 5 | 20 | 6 |
Mean | 4.2 | 4.2 | 8 | 9.2 | 4.6 | 5.3 | 20 | 20.6 |
SD | 0.37 | 0.37 | 8 | 0.9 | 0.47 | 0.47 | 2 | 1.5 |
Range | 4–5 | 4–5 | 8–8 | 8–10 | 4–6 | 5–6 | 20–24 | 18–22 |
Chicken | Duck | Ostrich | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CATEGORY | Range | Mean | Range | Mean | Range | Mean |
MVSB | 4–4 | 4 | 4–4 | 4.4 | 4–5 | 4.2 |
LDSB | 6–10 | 9.5 | 6–10 | 8.2 | 8–10 | 8.1 |
LVSB | 1–3 | 1.4 | 2–4 | 3 | 4–6 | 4.7 |
POSB | 20–60 | 37 | 38–44 | 40 | 18–24 | 20.3 |
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Makanya, A.; Djonov, V. Anatomical and Functional Study of the Ostrich (Struthio camelus) Lung through Macroscopic Analysis in Combination with Optical and Electron Microscopy Techniques. Animals 2024, 14, 316. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14020316
Makanya A, Djonov V. Anatomical and Functional Study of the Ostrich (Struthio camelus) Lung through Macroscopic Analysis in Combination with Optical and Electron Microscopy Techniques. Animals. 2024; 14(2):316. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14020316
Chicago/Turabian StyleMakanya, Andrew, and Valentin Djonov. 2024. "Anatomical and Functional Study of the Ostrich (Struthio camelus) Lung through Macroscopic Analysis in Combination with Optical and Electron Microscopy Techniques" Animals 14, no. 2: 316. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14020316