The Effect of Lysophospholipids and Sex on Growth Performance and Small Intestine Morphology in Weanling Pigs, 7–30 kg
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SEGES Danish Pig Research Centre, Axeltorv 3, 1609 Copenhagen, Denmark
2
Vilofoss, Ballesvej 2, 7000 Fredericia, Denmark
3
Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Animals 2024, 14(8), 1213; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14081213
Submission received: 23 January 2024
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Revised: 7 April 2024
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Accepted: 10 April 2024
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Published: 18 April 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Animal Nutrition)
Simple Summary
Lysophospholipids (LPL) are monoacyl derivatives of phospholipids in which one of the fatty acids has been removed by enzymatic hydrolysis and can influence lipid digestion. In this study, the effect of feeding lysophospholipids in the diet to pigs from 7–30 kg was investigated with respect to growth performance and the intestinal morphology. A total of 800 pigs were divided into two groups fed either basal diet (CON) or basal diet + 0.05% LPL (LPL), respectively, and the growth performance was measured for 42 days. At the end of the experiment, 32 pigs were euthanized to evaluate the tissue of the small intestine in the pigs. Overall, there was no statistical difference between day 1 and day 42 relating to overall gain or growth performances. However, due to the variations between the two groups starting phases, the results indicate that lysophospholipids had a positive effect on recovering from a poorer starting point. This was further reinforced by intestinal morphology analysis, which also showed no statistical difference, despite the early lag in growth performance of the LPL group.
Abstract
Inclusion of lysophospholipids (LPL) has been proposed to increase growth performance in broilers and pigs, acting as emulsifiers through mixed micelle formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding LPL in weanling pig diets on growth performance and intestinal morphology. Eight hundred pigs (weight 6.96 kg ± SD 1.58 kg) were assigned to one of two dietary treatments, i.e., a basal diet (CON) or a basal diet + 0.05% lysophospholipids (LPL). The experimental period lasted for 42 days, and on days 40 and 41, 32 pigs in total were euthanized for intestinal tissue samples. From days 14 to 21, feed intake and average daily gain increased, as well as FCR, from days 28 to 42, in the LPL group compared with the CON group. In the overall period, no differences in growth performance were present between the groups. However, females displayed increased ADG from days 21 to 28 compared with castrates. The villous height tended (p = 0.051) to be lower in LPL in the proximal jejunum compared with CON. In the proximal jejunum, villus was higher (p > 0.01) in females, and in the distal jejunum, higher crypt cell proliferation (p < 0.01) and a tendency to deeper crypts (p = 0.064) were observed in female pigs as well. In conclusion, lysophospholipids did not increase growth performance in this study; however, the rate of recovery from a poorer starting point was noted, as growth rates recovered and increased faster in the LPL group. In conclusion, unlike the first phase, the LPL group recovered the growth from days 14 to 21 through higher feed intake and weight gain than the CON group. Eventually, the LPL group displayed improved FCR compared with the CON group from days 28 to 42. Further studies are needed to investigate whether this effect continues into the grower–finisher phase.
