A Potential Role for Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in the Development of Insulin Resistance in Horses
Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Production of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines
2.1. Role of Adipose Tissue
2.2. Role of Skeletal Muscle
2.3. Mechanisms of Increased Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production
2.3.1. Macrophage Infiltration into Tissues
2.3.2. Hyperinsulinemia
2.3.3. Hypoxia of Adipose Tissue
2.3.4. Increased Uptake of Gastrointestinal-Tract-Derived Lipopolysaccharide
3. Effects of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines on Equine Metabolism
4. Conclusions
Conflict of Interest
References
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Suagee, J.K.; Corl, B.A.; Geor, R.J. A Potential Role for Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in the Development of Insulin Resistance in Horses. Animals 2012, 2, 243-260. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani2020243
Suagee JK, Corl BA, Geor RJ. A Potential Role for Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in the Development of Insulin Resistance in Horses. Animals. 2012; 2(2):243-260. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani2020243
Chicago/Turabian StyleSuagee, Jessica K., Benjamin A. Corl, and Raymond J. Geor. 2012. "A Potential Role for Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in the Development of Insulin Resistance in Horses" Animals 2, no. 2: 243-260. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani2020243