Metabolic Profile and Inflammatory Responses in Dairy Cows with Left Displaced Abomasum Kept under Small-Scaled Farm Conditions
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Animals and Treatments
2.2. Blood Sampling
2.3. Serum Analyses
2.4. Milk Data
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Serum Variables
Serum Variables 1 | ≤2 Lactations | >2 Lactations | SEM 2 | p-value 3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LDA | HC | LDA | HC | Lact | Status | Int | ||
Metabolites | ||||||||
Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 88.2 | 91.2 | 84.5 | 98.4 | 8.40 | 0.873 | 0.451 | 0.625 |
NEFA (mmol/L) | 1.17 | 0.52 | 1.56 | 0.69 | 0.095 | 0.043 | <0.001 | 0.434 |
BHBA (mmol/L) | 2.11 | 0.74 | 4.67 | 1.00 | 0.428 | 0.028 | <0.001 | 0.072 |
NEFA/cholesterol | 0.018 | 0.006 | 0.023 | 0.007 | 0.002 | 0.258 | <0.001 | 0.402 |
BUN (mg/dL) | 23.7 | 35.2 | 35.6 | 35.9 | 2.23 | 0.046 | 0.981 | 0.077 |
Minerals | ||||||||
Calcium (mmol/L) | 1.92 | 2.21 | 1.89 | 2.42 | 0.035 | 0.093 | <0.001 | 0.033 |
P (mmol/L) | 1.86 | 1.77 | 1.85 | 1.67 | 0.102 | 0.651 | 0.294 | 0.713 |
Ca/P ratio | 1.08 | 1.26 | 1.12 | 1.51 | 0.066 | 0.115 | 0.002 | 0.217 |
Liver enzymes | ||||||||
AST (U/L) | 147 | 74.9 | 450 | 84.2 | 68.2 | 0.126 | 0.034 | 0.150 |
GLDH (U/L) | 41.8 | 9.9 | 73.6 | 16.7 | 14.1 | 0.240 | 0.009 | 0.445 |
GGT (U/L) | 26.5 | 21.1 | 58.0 | 20.3 | 8.49 | 0.061 | 0.011 | 0.053 |
Acute phase proteins | ||||||||
Hp (μg/mL) | 2185 | 1212 | 1248 | 353 | 374 | 0.106 | 0.093 | 0.942 |
SAA (μg/mL) | 126 | 59.1 | 132 | 60.0 | 22.2 | 0.904 | 0.033 | 0.927 |
3.2. Milk Production and Composition
Milk Variables 1 | ≤2 Lactations | >2 Lactations | SEM 2 | p-value 3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LDA | HC | LDA | HC | Lact | Status | Int | ||
Milk yield (kg/d) | 26.4 | 27.6 | 33.4 | 36.2 | 1.99 | <0.001 | 0.360 | 0.708 |
ECM (kg/d) | 27.6 | 26.1 | 29.6 | 34.7 | 1.96 | 0.013 | 0.384 | 0.114 |
Fat (%) | 4.49 | 3.60 | 3.36 | 3.73 | 0.22 | 0.038 | 0.281 | 0.010 |
Protein (%) | 3.27 | 3.22 | 2.92 | 3.22 | 0.08 | 0.041 | 0.144 | 0.043 |
Fat yield (kg/d) | 1.16 | 0.99 | 1.10 | 1.34 | 0.09 | 0.146 | 0.734 | 0.049 |
Protein yield (kg/d) | 0.85 | 0.88 | 0.97 | 1.16 | 0.05 | 0.002 | 0.067 | 0.195 |
Fat/protein ratio | 1.37 | 1.12 | 1.16 | 1.15 | 0.06 | 0.188 | 0.062 | 0.071 |
SCC (cells/mL) | 141.8 | 79.5 | 379.8 | 104.2 | 66.7 | 0.173 | 0.082 | 0.266 |
3.3. Associations between Milk Yield and Serum Variables
4. Discussion
4.1. Metabolic and Inflammatory Responses
4.2. Effects of Lactation Number and Milk Yield on Blood Variables
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Klevenhusen, F.; Humer, E.; Metzler-Zebeli, B.; Podstatzky-Lichtenstein, L.; Wittek, T.; Zebeli, Q. Metabolic Profile and Inflammatory Responses in Dairy Cows with Left Displaced Abomasum Kept under Small-Scaled Farm Conditions. Animals 2015, 5, 1021-1033. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani5040396
Klevenhusen F, Humer E, Metzler-Zebeli B, Podstatzky-Lichtenstein L, Wittek T, Zebeli Q. Metabolic Profile and Inflammatory Responses in Dairy Cows with Left Displaced Abomasum Kept under Small-Scaled Farm Conditions. Animals. 2015; 5(4):1021-1033. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani5040396
Chicago/Turabian StyleKlevenhusen, Fenja, Elke Humer, Barbara Metzler-Zebeli, Leopold Podstatzky-Lichtenstein, Thomas Wittek, and Qendrim Zebeli. 2015. "Metabolic Profile and Inflammatory Responses in Dairy Cows with Left Displaced Abomasum Kept under Small-Scaled Farm Conditions" Animals 5, no. 4: 1021-1033. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani5040396
APA StyleKlevenhusen, F., Humer, E., Metzler-Zebeli, B., Podstatzky-Lichtenstein, L., Wittek, T., & Zebeli, Q. (2015). Metabolic Profile and Inflammatory Responses in Dairy Cows with Left Displaced Abomasum Kept under Small-Scaled Farm Conditions. Animals, 5(4), 1021-1033. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani5040396