Early Onset of Laying and Bumblefoot Favor Keel Bone Fractures
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Animals and Housing
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Keel Bone Deviations
Time | No New Deviations | <0.0105 | >0.0105 |
---|---|---|---|
Laying period 1 | 4 | 2 | 0 |
Periods 2–6 | 5 | 17 | 2 |
Periods 7–11.5 | 10 | 3 | 0 |
3.2. Palpation
Change | Number | % of Total | % of Changes | Median Age (Weeks) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Period change | 2532 | 80.03 | - | |
4 to 3 | 161 | 5.1 | 26.0 | 36 |
4 to 2 | 34 | 1.08 | 5.48 | 38.3 |
4 to 1 | 3 | 0.09 | 0.48 | 47.9 |
From 3 to 2 | 118 | 3.74 | 19.03 | 41 |
From 3 to 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
From 2 to 1 | 32 | 3.74 | 5.16 | 42.9 |
From 1 to 2 | 27 | 0.86 | 4.36 | 46.4 |
From 1 to 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
From 1 to 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
From 2 to 3 | 100 | 3.17 | 16.13 | 41.1 |
From 2 to 4 | 11 | 0.35 | 1.77 | 41 |
From 3 to 4 | 42 | 1.08 | 6.77 | 37 |
3.3. Egg-Laying and Keel Bone Score
3.4. Bumblefoot
Bumble Foot | Keel Bone | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Score 1 | Score 2 | Score 3 | Score 4 | |
No bumble foot | 2 | 23 | 18 | 21 |
One bumble foot | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
Two bumble feet | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 4 | 31 | 19 | 26 |
3.5. Behavior
3.6. Discussion
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gebhardt-Henrich, S.G.; Fröhlich, E.K.F. Early Onset of Laying and Bumblefoot Favor Keel Bone Fractures. Animals 2015, 5, 1192-1206. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani5040406
Gebhardt-Henrich SG, Fröhlich EKF. Early Onset of Laying and Bumblefoot Favor Keel Bone Fractures. Animals. 2015; 5(4):1192-1206. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani5040406
Chicago/Turabian StyleGebhardt-Henrich, Sabine G., and Ernst K. F. Fröhlich. 2015. "Early Onset of Laying and Bumblefoot Favor Keel Bone Fractures" Animals 5, no. 4: 1192-1206. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani5040406
APA StyleGebhardt-Henrich, S. G., & Fröhlich, E. K. F. (2015). Early Onset of Laying and Bumblefoot Favor Keel Bone Fractures. Animals, 5(4), 1192-1206. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani5040406