Status and Magnitude of Grey Wolf Conflict with Pastoral Communities in the Foothills of the Hindu Kush Region of Pakistan
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Field Survey
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demography of Local People
3.2. Status of Livestock Holdings
3.3. Livestock Depredation and Economic Loss
3.4. Rate of Depredation across Seasons
3.5. Wolf Sightings and Perceived Danger
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Livestock | No. of LS | LS Sold/Year | UV (US$) | Income (US$) | Income/HH (US$) | Disease | Wolf | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of LS | Loss (US$) | No. of LS | Loss (US$) | ||||||
Goat | 1646 | 321 | 93 | 29,853 | 271.39 | 113 | 10,509 | 41 | 3813 |
Sheep | 2285 | 387 | 103 | 39,861 | 362.37 | 101 | 10,403 | 39 | 4017 |
Cattle | 384 | 17 | 331 | 5627 | 51.15 | 42 | 13,902 | 12 | 3972 |
Other | 93 | 3 | 12 | 36 | 0.33 | 1 | 12 | 9 | 108 |
Total | 4408 | 728 | 75,377 | 685.25 | 257 | 34,826 | 101 | 11,910 | |
Total Economic Loss due to Disease and Wolf Depredation | 46,736 (424.87/household) |
Season | Goat | Sheep | Cow | Other | Total Depredation | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Summer | 24 | 23 | 7 | 5 | 59 | 58.42 |
Winter | 9 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 20 | 19.80 |
Spring | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 14 | 13.86 |
Autumn | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 7.92 |
Total | 41 | 39 | 12 | 9 | 101 | 100 |
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Khan, T.U.; Luan, X.; Ahmad, S.; Mannan, A.; Khan, W.; Khan, A.A.; Khan, B.U.; Din, E.U.; Bhattarai, S.; Shah, S.; et al. Status and Magnitude of Grey Wolf Conflict with Pastoral Communities in the Foothills of the Hindu Kush Region of Pakistan. Animals 2019, 9, 787. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9100787
Khan TU, Luan X, Ahmad S, Mannan A, Khan W, Khan AA, Khan BU, Din EU, Bhattarai S, Shah S, et al. Status and Magnitude of Grey Wolf Conflict with Pastoral Communities in the Foothills of the Hindu Kush Region of Pakistan. Animals. 2019; 9(10):787. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9100787
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhan, Tauheed Ullah, Xiaofeng Luan, Shahid Ahmad, Abdul Mannan, Waqif Khan, Abdul Aziz Khan, Barkat Ullah Khan, Emad Ud Din, Suman Bhattarai, Sher Shah, and et al. 2019. "Status and Magnitude of Grey Wolf Conflict with Pastoral Communities in the Foothills of the Hindu Kush Region of Pakistan" Animals 9, no. 10: 787. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9100787