Analysis of 19 Minerals and Cortisol in Red Deer Hair in Two Different Areas of the Stelvio National Park: A Preliminary Study
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethics
2.2. Study Area
2.3. Hair Sampling and Data Collection
2.4. Hair Washing Procedure
2.5. Hair Minerals Assay
2.6. Hair Cortisol Assay
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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SE Area | NW Area | p-Value a | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Unit | n | Mean | SEM | Min | Max | n | Mean | SEM | Min | Max | |
Cortisol | pg/mg | 16 | 5.18 | 0.34 | 3.41 | 7.18 | 15 | 6.97 | 0.63 | 4.33 | 11.61 | 0.063 |
Li | μg/g | 16 | 0.53 | 0.11 | 0.15 | 1.55 | 15 | 0.31 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 1.02 | 0.206 |
B | μg/g | 8 | 0.87 | 0.18 | 0.26 | 1.78 | 5 | 1.88 | 0.87 | 0.11 | 4.16 | 0.770 |
Al | μg/g | 15 | 242.98 | 41.38 | 89.30 | 726.14 | 15 | 137.62 | 20.69 | 11.39 | 286.42 | 0.026 * |
Ti | μg/g | 16 | 4.24 | 0.43 | 0.29 | 6.59 | 15 | 3.95 | 0.57 | 0.82 | 8.47 | 0.477 |
V | μg/g | 16 | 0.75 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 1.88 | 15 | 0.39 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 1.01 | 0.220 |
Cr | μg/g | 16 | 0.53 | 0.05 | 0.16 | 0.93 | 15 | 0.42 | 0.07 | 0.17 | 1.28 | 0.053 |
Fe | μg/g | 16 | 222.68 | 25.48 | 44.22 | 410.66 | 15 | 216.58 | 50.95 | 59.98 | 764.89 | 0.220 |
Ni | μg/g | 16 | 1.32 | 0.28 | 0.27 | 3.97 | 14 | 0.64 | 0.18 | 0.14 | 2.67 | 0.022 * |
Co | μg/g | 16 | 0.18 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.35 | 14 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.15 | 0.003 ** |
Cu | μg/g | 16 | 5.03 | 0.29 | 2.94 | 7.40 | 15 | 4.07 | 0.19 | 2.55 | 5.25 | 0.007 ** |
Zn | μg/g | 16 | 70.43 | 1.15 | 64.74 | 83.04 | 15 | 65.41 | 2.07 | 45.71 | 74.55 | 0.123 |
As | μg/g | 16 | 1.39 | 0.17 | 0.44 | 2.88 | 15 | 0.72 | 0.10 | 0.18 | 1.56 | 0.003 ** |
Ag | μg/g | 8 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 9 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.630 |
Cd | μg/g | 7 | 2.32 | 0.42 | 0.60 | 3.50 | 12 | 0.34 | 0.12 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.001 ** |
Sn | μg/g | 11 | 0.14 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.33 | 9 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.33 | 0.494 |
Sb | μg/g | 14 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 10 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.21 | 0.639 |
Ba | μg/g | 15 | 2.24 | 0.29 | 0.81 | 4.66 | 15 | 2.04 | 0.45 | 0.20 | 7.09 | 0.419 |
Tl | μg/g | 16 | 1.99 | 0.67 | 0.00 | 6.59 | 15 | 1.31 | 0.56 | 0.00 | 7.58 | 0.874 |
Pb | μg/g | 12 | 0.75 | 0.16 | 0.08 | 1.69 | 11 | 0.35 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 1.03 | 0.110 |
SE Area | NW Area | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Unit | n | Mean | SEM | n | Mean | SEM | p-Value a |
Calves | ||||||||
body length | cm | 7 | 126.00 | 4.17 | 8 | 134.87 | 3.21 | 0.111 |
foot length | cm | 7 | 42.86 | 0.68 | 8 | 44.81 | 0.72 | 0.073 |
height at withers | cm | 7 | 90.86 | 1.10 | 8 | 94.56 | 1.22 | 0.044 * |
jaw length | mm | 6 | 207.14 | 1.94 | 8 | 206.22 | 3.96 | 0.856 |
carcass weight | kg | 7 | 30.00 | 2.027 | 8 | 33.31 | 3.00 | 0.391 |
kidney fat index | KFI | 6 | 24.24 | 6.66 | 8 | 22.37 | 3.38 | 0.792 |
Yearlings | ||||||||
body length | cm | 4 | 148.00 | 3.76 | 2 | 145.00 | 5.00 | 0.665 |
foot length | cm | 4 | 48.12 | 1.23 | 2 | 47.75 | 0.75 | 0.853 |
height at withers | cm | 4 | 104.50 | 4.11 | 2 | 105.50 | 1.50 | 0.880 |
jaw length | mm | 4 | 243.10 | 6.37 | 2 | 225.20 | 9.70 | 0.187 |
carcass weight | kg | 4 | 50.75 | 3.04 | 2 | 44.00 | 5.00 | 0.286 |
kidney fat index | KFI | 4 | 35.94 | 9.55 | 2 | 23.26 | 6.66 | 0.442 |
Adult | ||||||||
body length | cm | 5 | 162.50 | 1.05 | 5 | 166.20 | 3.20 | 0.304 |
foot length | cm | 5 | 49.70 | 0.55 | 5 | 49.30 | 0.51 | 0.606 |
height at withers | cm | 5 | 108.20 | 0.80 | 5 | 106.20 | 2.08 | 0.396 |
jaw length | mm | 5 | 268.73 | 4.17 | 5 | 262.11 | 3.15 | 0.241 |
carcass weight | kg | 5 | 58.80 | 3.83 | 5 | 59.90 | 3.38 | 0.835 |
kidney fat index | KFI | 5 | 34.20 | 7.42 | 5 | 59.10 | 15.30 | 0.181 |
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Montillo, M.; Caslini, C.; Peric, T.; Prandi, A.; Netto, P.; Tubaro, F.; Pedrotti, L.; Bianchi, A.; Mattiello, S. Analysis of 19 Minerals and Cortisol in Red Deer Hair in Two Different Areas of the Stelvio National Park: A Preliminary Study. Animals 2019, 9, 492. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9080492
Montillo M, Caslini C, Peric T, Prandi A, Netto P, Tubaro F, Pedrotti L, Bianchi A, Mattiello S. Analysis of 19 Minerals and Cortisol in Red Deer Hair in Two Different Areas of the Stelvio National Park: A Preliminary Study. Animals. 2019; 9(8):492. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9080492
Chicago/Turabian StyleMontillo, Marta, Chiara Caslini, Tanja Peric, Alberto Prandi, Paola Netto, Franco Tubaro, Luca Pedrotti, Alessandro Bianchi, and Silvana Mattiello. 2019. "Analysis of 19 Minerals and Cortisol in Red Deer Hair in Two Different Areas of the Stelvio National Park: A Preliminary Study" Animals 9, no. 8: 492. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9080492