The Role of Relative Deprivation and Attribution Style in the Relationship between Organizational Fairness and Employees’ Service Innovation Behavior
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review and Hypothesis Development
2.1. Organizational Fairness and Service Innovation Behavior
2.2. Mediation Effect of Relative Deprivation
2.3. Moderation Effect of Attribution Style
2.4. Moderated Mediating Effect of Attribution Style
3. Methodology
3.1. Data Collection and Research Objects
3.2. Sociodemographic Data
4. Analysis and Results
4.1. Reliability and Validity Test
4.2. Correlation Analysis
4.3. Hypothesis Testing
4.3.1. Testing of Main Effect
4.3.2. Intermediary Effect Testing
4.3.3. Moderation Effect Testing
4.3.4. Moderated Mediating Effect Testing
5. Conclusions and Discussion
5.1. Conclusions
5.2. Discussion
5.2.1. Theoretical Implications
5.2.2. Management Implications
5.2.3. Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Constructs | Items | Std. Estimate | z (CR) | Cronbach’s α | AVE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Organizational fairness | Z1 | 0.923 | 0.923 | 0.92 | 0.857 |
Z2 | 0.921 | ||||
Z3 | 0.938 | ||||
Z4 | 0.943 | ||||
Z5 | 0.912 | ||||
Z6 | 0.917 | ||||
Relative deprivation | X1 | 0.881 | 0.876 | 0.866 | 0.759 |
X2 | 0.852 | ||||
X3 | 0.887 | ||||
X4 | 0.864 | ||||
Service innovation behavior | F1 | 0.898 | 0.895 | 0.883 | 0.682 |
F2 | 0.88 | ||||
F3 | 0.693 | ||||
F4 | 0.818 | ||||
Internal attribution style | W1 | 0.812 | 0.773 | 0.77 | 0.552 |
W2 | 0.683 | ||||
W3 | 0.758 | ||||
W4 | 0.712 | ||||
External attribution style | N1 | 0.831 | 0.719 | 0.723 | 0.534 |
N2 | 0.723 | ||||
N3 | 0.667 | ||||
N4 | 0.691 |
Average Value | SD | Gender | Age | Education | Working Years | Organizational Fairness | Relative Deprivation | Service Innovation Behavior | Internal Attribution Style | External Attribution Style | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | 1.482 | 0.501 | |||||||||
Age | 2.68 | 1.217 | 0.105 | ||||||||
Education | 3.194 | 0.694 | 0.107 | 0.327 | |||||||
Working years | 2.755 | 0.879 | 0.053 | 0.271 ** | 0.123 ** | ||||||
Organizational fairness | 3.536 | 0.989 | −0.007 | −0.029 | 0.042 | −0.081 | 0.925 | ||||
Relative deprivation | 2.564 | 0.989 | 0.021 | 0.247 | −0.027 | 0.169 | −0.923 ** | 0.871 | |||
Service innovation behavior | 3.481 | 1.045 | 0.017 | −0.092 | −0.055 | −0.176 ** | 0.846 ** | −0.846 ** | 0.826 | ||
Internal attribution style | 2.404 | 0.821 | 0.031 | 0.123 | −0.009 | 0.05 | 0.035 | 0.076 | 0.019 | 0.743 | |
External attribution style | 3.76 | 0.708 | 0.065 | −0.185 ** | −0.056 | −0.144 * | 0.406 ** | −0.329 ** | 0.407 ** | −0.320 ** | 0.731 |
X | → | Y | Non-Standardized Path | SE | z (CR) | p | Standardized Path |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Organizational fairness | → | Relative deprivation | −0.88 | 0.038 | −23.421 | 0 | −0.923 |
Organizational fairness | → | Service innovation behavior | 0.446 | 0.137 | 3.258 | 0.001 | 0.439 |
Relative deprivation | → | Service innovation behavior | −0.47 | 0.144 | −3.269 | 0.001 | −0.441 |
Service Innovation Behavior | Relative Deprivation | Service Innovation Behavior | |
---|---|---|---|
Constant | 0.442 * (2.366) | 5.686 ** (44.940) | 3.111 ** (3.664) |
Organizational fairness | 0.859 ** (15.324) | −0.880 ** (−23.174) | 0.446 ** (3.207) |
Relative deprivation | −0.469 ** (−3.215) | ||
R 2 | 0.716 | 0.852 | 0.745 |
Adjust R2 | 0.713 | 0.851 | 0.739 |
F | F (1,93) = 234.815, p = 0.000 | F (1,93) = 537.018, p = 0.000 | F (2,92) = 134.365, p = 0.000 |
Path | c Total Effect | a | b | a × b | a × b (Boot SE) | a × b (z) | a × b (p) | a × b (95% BootCI) | c’ | Test Conclusion |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Organizational fairness →Relative deprivation →Service innovation behavior | 0.859 ** | −0.880 ** | −0.469 ** | 0.413 | 0.151 | 2.742 | 0.006 | 0.018 ~ 0.666 | 0.446 ** | Partial mediation |
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | SE | t | p | β | B | SE | t | p | β | B | SE | t | p | β | |
Constant | 3.137 | 0.063 | 49.705 | 0.000 ** | - | 3.137 | 0.061 | 51.16 | 0.000 ** | - | 3.087 | 0.064 | 48.386 | 0.000 ** | - |
Relative deprivation | −0.902 | 0.059 | −15.329 | 0.000 ** | −0.846 | −0.851 | 0.061 | −14.063 | 0.000 ** | −0.799 | −0.848 | 0.059 | −14.33 | 0.000 ** | −0.796 |
External attribution style | 0.28 | 0.11 | 2.555 | 0.012 * | 0.145 | 0.399 | 0.119 | 3.352 | 0.001 ** | 0.207 | |||||
Relative deprivation * External attribution style | −0.241 | 0.105 | −2.298 | 0.024 * | −0.135 | ||||||||||
R 2 | 0.716 | 0.735 | 0.75 | ||||||||||||
Adjust R 2 | 0.713 | 0.729 | 0.742 | ||||||||||||
F | F (1,93) = 234.975, p = 0.000 | F (2,92) = 127.732, p = 0.000 | F (3,91) = 90.880, p = 0.000 | ||||||||||||
ΔR 2 | 0.716 | 0.019 | 0.015 | ||||||||||||
ΔF | F (1,93) = 234.975, p = 0.000 | F (1,92) = 6.526, p = 0.012 | F (1,91) = 5.283, p = 0.024 |
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | SE | t | p | β | B | SE | t | p | β | B | SE | t | p | β | |
Constant | 3.137 | 0.063 | 49.705 | 0.000 ** | - | 3.137 | 0.063 | 50.06 | 0.000 ** | - | 3.118 | 0.058 | 54.03 | 0.000 ** | - |
Relative deprivation | −0.902 | 0.059 | −15.329 | 0.000 ** | −0.846 | −0.908 | 0.059 | −15.51 | 0.000 ** | −0.853 | −0.913 | 0.054 | −16.966 | 0.000 ** | −0.857 |
Internal attribution style | 0.126 | 0.083 | 1.527 | 0.13 | 0.084 | 0.003 | 0.081 | 0.041 | 0.968 | 0.002 | |||||
Relative deprivation * Internal attribution style | 0.304 | 0.071 | 4.255 | 0.000 ** | 0.229 | ||||||||||
R 2 | 0.716 | 0.723 | 0.769 | ||||||||||||
Adjust R 2 | 0.713 | 0.717 | 0.762 | ||||||||||||
F | F (1,93) = 234.975, p = 0.000 | F (2,92) = 120.338, p = 0.000 | F (3,91) = 101.175, p = 0.000 | ||||||||||||
ΔR 2 | 0.716 | 0.007 | 0.046 | ||||||||||||
ΔF | F (1,93) = 234.975, p = 0.000 | F (1,92) = 2.333, p = 0.130 | F (1,91) = 18.104, p = 0.000 |
Intermediary Variable | Level | Level Value | Effect | BootSE | BootLLCI | BootULCI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Relative deprivation | Low level (−1SD) | 3.095 | 0.283 | 0.199 | −0.098 | 0.681 |
Average level | 3.689 | 0.42 | 0.153 | 0.12 | 0.732 | |
High level (1SD) | 4.284 | 0.556 | 0.141 | 0.256 | 0.844 |
Intermediary Variable | Level | Level Value | Effect | BootSE | BootLLCI | BootULCI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Relative deprivation | Low level (−1SD) | 1.582 | 0.726 | 0.192 | 0.308 | 1.063 |
Average level | 2.347 | 0.545 | 0.172 | 0.119 | 0.815 | |
High level (1SD) | 3.113 | 0.363 | 0.191 | −0.119 | 0.64 |
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Li, Z.; Liang, W.; Bao, Y.; Zhang, R. The Role of Relative Deprivation and Attribution Style in the Relationship between Organizational Fairness and Employees’ Service Innovation Behavior. Behav. Sci. 2022, 12, 506. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12120506
Li Z, Liang W, Bao Y, Zhang R. The Role of Relative Deprivation and Attribution Style in the Relationship between Organizational Fairness and Employees’ Service Innovation Behavior. Behavioral Sciences. 2022; 12(12):506. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12120506
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Zhao, Wangbing Liang, Yinggang Bao, and Ruili Zhang. 2022. "The Role of Relative Deprivation and Attribution Style in the Relationship between Organizational Fairness and Employees’ Service Innovation Behavior" Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 12: 506. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12120506