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Behavioral Sciences
Volume 13
Issue 6
10.3390/bs13060477
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Article

Effects of θ High Definition-Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex on the Dominance of Attention Focus in Standing Postural Control

by
Shun Sawai
1,2,
Shin Murata
1,3,
Shoya Fujikawa
1,2,
Ryosuke Yamamoto
1,4 and
Hideki Nakano
1,3,*
1
Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan
2
Department of Rehabilitation, Kyoto Kuno Hospital, Kyoto 607-0981, Japan
3
Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan
4
Department of Rehabilitation, Tesseikai Neurosurgical Hospital, Osaka 575-8511, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Behav. Sci. 2023, 13(6), 477; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13060477
Submission received: 13 April 2023 / Revised: 26 May 2023 / Accepted: 31 May 2023 / Published: 6 June 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue From Neuron to Neuropathology: Innovation in Conceptual Frameworks, Diagnosis, Interventions and Treatment)
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Abstract

Attention focus affects performance in postural control while standing, and it is divided into internal focus (IF) and external focus (EF). Each individual has a predominant attention focus, and research has revealed that the dominance of attention focus may be an acquired trait. However, the impact of non-invasive brain stimulation on attention-focus dominance remains unexplored in the current literature. Here, we examined the effect of high-definition transcranial alternating current stimulation (HD-tACS) on θ waves in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) on standing postural control tasks in an EF condition for IF- and EF-dominant groups. The effect of θ HD-tACS on the ACC differed between IF- and EF-dominant groups, and θ HD-tACS in the IF-dominant group decreased the performance of standing postural control under the EF condition. The forced activation of the ACC with θ HD-tACS may have conversely reduced the activity of brain regions normally activated by the IF-dominant group. Additionally, the activation of ACC prioritized visual information processing and suppressed the superficial sensory processing that is normally potentially prioritized by the IF-dominant group. These results highlight the importance of changing the type of rehabilitation and sports training tasks to account for the individual’s dominance of attention focus.
Keywords: attention focus; dominance; standing postural control; HD-tACS; anterior cingulate cortex attention focus; dominance; standing postural control; HD-tACS; anterior cingulate cortex

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sawai, S.; Murata, S.; Fujikawa, S.; Yamamoto, R.; Nakano, H. Effects of θ High Definition-Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex on the Dominance of Attention Focus in Standing Postural Control. Behav. Sci. 2023, 13, 477. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13060477

AMA Style

Sawai S, Murata S, Fujikawa S, Yamamoto R, Nakano H. Effects of θ High Definition-Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex on the Dominance of Attention Focus in Standing Postural Control. Behavioral Sciences. 2023; 13(6):477. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13060477

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sawai, Shun, Shin Murata, Shoya Fujikawa, Ryosuke Yamamoto, and Hideki Nakano. 2023. "Effects of θ High Definition-Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex on the Dominance of Attention Focus in Standing Postural Control" Behavioral Sciences 13, no. 6: 477. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13060477

APA Style

Sawai, S., Murata, S., Fujikawa, S., Yamamoto, R., & Nakano, H. (2023). Effects of θ High Definition-Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex on the Dominance of Attention Focus in Standing Postural Control. Behavioral Sciences, 13(6), 477. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13060477

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