Relationship between Playing Musical Instruments and Subjective Well-Being: Enjoyment of Playing Instruments Scale
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Preliminary Enjoyment of Playing Instruments Items
2.2.2. Music USE Questionnaire
2.2.3. Music Receptivity Scale
2.2.4. Use of Music Inventory
2.2.5. Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Emotional Frequency Test
2.2.6. Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS)
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Exploratory Factor Analysis of the EPIS
3.2. Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the EPIS
3.3. Criterion-Related Validity of the EPIS
3.4. Relationship between the EPIS and Subjective Well-Being
4. Discussion
5. Limitations of the Study
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
EPIS | Enjoyment of Playing Instruments Scale |
UMI | Use of Music Inventory |
MUSE | Music Use Questionnaire |
MRS | Music Receptivity Scale |
SWLS | The Satisfaction with Life Scale |
EFT | Emotional Frequency Test |
SHS | Subjective Happiness Scale |
CVI | Content Validity Index |
IRB | Institutional Review Board |
SPSS | Statistical Package for Social Sciences |
AMOS | Analysis of Moment Structure |
EFA | Exploratory Factor Analysis |
CFA | Confirmatory Factor Analyses |
TLI | Tucker−Lewis Index |
CFI | Comparative Fit Index |
RMSEA | Root Mean Square Error of Approximation |
SRMR | Standardized Root Mean Square Residual |
CR | Composite reliability |
AVE | Average Variance Extracted |
ES | Enjoyment of Singing |
SRWs | Standardized Regression Weights |
df | Degree of Freedom |
CI | Confidence Interval |
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NO | Items | Factor Loadings | h2 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | |||
1. | I like learning to play challenging music. | 0.553 | 0.401 | ||
2. | Learning to play musical instruments together with others can make me feel close to them. | 0.407 | 0.371 | ||
3. | I like playing musical instruments as a group with other people. | 0.822 | 0.632 | ||
4. | Playing musical instruments together improves family ties. | 0.450 | 0.311 | ||
5. | It is fun to play musical instruments with other people. | 0.822 | 0.620 | ||
6. | Playing musical instruments with others makes us more united. | 0.516 | 0.473 | ||
7. | I am looking forward to practicing playing musical instruments with other people. | 0.820 | 0.653 | ||
8. | I feel good when I realize that my musical instrument playing skills have improved. | 0.599 | 0.445 | ||
9. | I feel good when I play an instrument in front of people and receive applause. | 0.696 | 0.451 | ||
10. | I feel a sense of accomplishment when I play an instrument. | 0.419 | 0.425 | ||
11. | My sense of accomplishment is great when I play an instrument well in front of others. | 0.656 | 0.454 | ||
12. | I feel a sense of accomplishment when I master playing a piece of music. | 0.601 | 0.420 | ||
13. | Tackling difficult music and playing it gives me a great sense of achievement. | 0.720 | 0.518 | ||
14. | Playing an instrument makes me feel different. | 0.600 | 0.405 | ||
15. | When I play an instrument, the thoughts that bothered me disappear. | 0.435 | 0.383 | ||
16. | Playing musical instruments can make my partner admire me even more. | 0.585 | 0.410 | ||
Eigenvalues | 6.23 | 1.58 | 1.17 | ||
% Variance | 38.92 | 9.85 | 7.31 | 56.08 |
Scale | Learning/Social Bonds | Achievement/Pride | Cognitive Refreshment and Stimulation | EPIS |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cognitive and emotional regulation | 0.69 *** | 0.61 ** | 0.67 *** | 0.71 *** |
Engaged production | 0.76 *** | 0.68 *** | 0.70 *** | 0.78 *** |
Social connection | 0.71 *** | 0.63 *** | 0.63 *** | 0.72 *** |
Physical exercise | 0.68 *** | 0.65 *** | 0.62 *** | 0.71 *** |
Dance | 0.57 *** | 0.44 *** | 0.53 *** | 0.55 *** |
MUSE | 0.80 *** | 0.71 *** | 0.74 *** | 0.81 *** |
Affect | 0.66 *** | 0.70 *** | 0.64 *** | 0.73 *** |
Attention | −0.15 * | −0.19 ** | −0.17 ** | −0.18 ** |
MRS | 0.47 *** | 0.48 *** | 0.44 *** | 0.50 *** |
Emotional use of music | 0.66 *** | 0.65 *** | 0.65 *** | 0.71 *** |
Rational/Cognitive use of music | 0.50 *** | 0.29 *** | 0.51 *** | 0.46 *** |
Background use of music | 0.57 *** | 0.45 *** | 0.56 *** | 0.57 *** |
UMI | 0.64 *** | 0.49 *** | 0.64 *** | 0.63 *** |
Skewness | −0.89 | −1.35 | −0.78 | −1.19 |
Kurtosis | 0.61 | 1.53 | 0.28 | 1.34 |
Variables | Learning/Social Bonds | Achievement/Pride | Cognitive Refreshment/Stimulation | EPIS |
---|---|---|---|---|
Life satisfaction | 0.57 *** | 0.52 *** | 0.55 *** | 0.59 *** |
Positive emotions | 0.54 *** | 0.52 *** | 0.53 *** | 0.57 *** |
Negative emotions | 0.25 *** | 0.19 *** | 0.29 *** | 0.25 *** |
Subjective well-being | 0.47 *** | 0.46 *** | 0.43 *** | 0.49 *** |
Subjective happiness | 0.38 *** | 0.39 *** | 0.34 *** | 0.40 *** |
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Zhang, Q.; Park, A.; Suh, K.-H. Relationship between Playing Musical Instruments and Subjective Well-Being: Enjoyment of Playing Instruments Scale. Behav. Sci. 2024, 14, 744. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090744
Zhang Q, Park A, Suh K-H. Relationship between Playing Musical Instruments and Subjective Well-Being: Enjoyment of Playing Instruments Scale. Behavioral Sciences. 2024; 14(9):744. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090744
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Qian, Alexander Park, and Kyung-Hyun Suh. 2024. "Relationship between Playing Musical Instruments and Subjective Well-Being: Enjoyment of Playing Instruments Scale" Behavioral Sciences 14, no. 9: 744. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090744