An Analysis of Suspected Microplastics in the Muscle and Gastrointestinal Tissues of Fish from Sarasota Bay, FL: Exposure and Implications for Apex Predators and Seafood Consumers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Location
2.2. Fish Collection
2.3. Sample Processing and Analysis
2.4. QA/QC
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sample Characteristics
3.2. Microparticles in Muscle Samples
3.3. Microparticles in Gastrointestinal Samples
3.4. Comparisons across Species
4. Discussion
4.1. Significance of Findings
4.2. Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Andrady, A.L. Microplastics in the Marine Environment. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2011, 62, 1596–1605. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rochman, C.M.; Brookson, C.; Bikker, J.; Djuric, N.; Earn, A.; Bucci, K.; Athey, S.; Huntington, A.; McIlwraith, H.; Munno, K.; et al. Rethinking Microplastics as a Diverse Contaminant Suite. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2019, 38, 703–711. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Huang, Y.; Liu, Q.; Jia, W.; Yan, C.; Wang, J. Agricultural Plastic Mulching as a Source of Microplastics in the Terrestrial Environment. Environ. Pollut. 2020, 260, 114096. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lusher, A.L.; Tirelli, V.; O’Connor, I.; Officer, R. Microplastics in Arctic Polar Waters: The First Reported Values of Particles in Surface and Sub-Surface Samples. Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 14947. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Castañeda, R.A.; Avlijas, S.; Simard, M.A.; Ricciardi, A. Microplastic Pollution in St. Lawrence River Sediments. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2014, 71, 1767–1771. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vermaire, J.C.; Pomeroy, C.; Herczegh, S.M.; Haggart, O.; Murphy, M. Microplastic Abundance and Distribution in the Open Water and Sediment of the Ottawa River, Canada, and Its Tributaries. Facets 2017, 2, 301–314. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mani, T.; Primpke, S.; Lorenz, C.; Gerdts, G.; Burkhardt-Holm, P. Microplastic Pollution in Benthic Midstream Sediments of the Rhine River. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2019, 53, 6053–6062. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Eriksen, M.; Cowger, W.; Erdle, L.M.; Coffin, S.; Villarrubia-Gómez, P.; Moore, C.J. A Growing Plastic Smog, Now Estimated to Be over 170 Trillion Plastic Particles Afloat in the World’s Oceans—Urgent Solutions Required. PLoS ONE 2023, 18, 0281596. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Merga, L.B.; Redondo-Hasselerharm, P.E.; Brink, P.J.; Koelmans, A.A. Distribution of Microplastic and Small Macroplastic Particles across Four Fish Species and Sediment in an African Lake. Sci. Total Environ. 2020, 741, 140527. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Song, Y.K.; Hong, S.H.; Eo, S.; Shim, W.J. The Fragmentation of Nano-and Microplastic Particles from Thermoplastics Accelerated by Simulated-Sunlight-Mediated Photooxidation. Environ. Pollut. 2022, 311, 119847. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wardlaw, C.M.; Corcoran, P.L.; Neff, B.D. Factors Influencing the Variation of Microplastic Uptake in Demersal Fishes from the Upper Thames River Ontario. Environ. Pollut. 2022, 313, 120095. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Huang, L.; Li, Q.P.; Li, H.; Lin, L.; Xu, X.; Yuan, X.; Li, H. Microplastic Contamination in Coral Reef Fishes and Its Potential Risks in the Remote Xisha Areas of the South China Sea. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2023, 186, 114399. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Isobe, A. Percentage of Microbeads in Pelagic Microplastics within Japanese Coastal Waters. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2016, 110, 432–437. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Velmurugan, P.M.; Vijayaprabhakaran, K.; Devika, P.T. Baseline Study on Identification, Characterization, Distribution and Abundance of Microplastics in Surface Water from Ennore to Kovalam along the East Coast of India. Phys. Chem. Earth Parts A/B/C 2023, 130, 103391. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hajiouni, S.; Mohammadi, A.; Ramavandi, B.; Arfaeinia, H.; De-la-Torre, G.E.; Tekle-Röttering, A.; Dobaradaran, S. Occurrence of Microplastics and Phthalate Esters in Urban Runoff: A Focus on the Persian Gulf Coastline. Sci. Total Environ. 2022, 806, 150559. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Q.; Li, J.; Zhu, X.; Sun, C.; Teng, J.; Chen, L.; Zhao, J. Microplastics in Fish Meals: An Exposure Route for Aquaculture Animals. Sci. Total Environ. 2022, 807, 151049. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xue, W.; Maung, G.Y.T.; Otiti, J.; Tabucanon, A.S. Land Use-Based Characterization and Source Apportionment of Microplastics in Urban Storm Runoffs in a Tropical Region. Environ. Pollut. 2023, 329, 121698. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Napper, I.E.; Thompson, R.C. Release of Synthetic Microplastic Plastic Fibres from Domestic Washing Machines: Effects of Fabric Type and Washing Conditions. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2016, 112, 39–45. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sun, J.; Dai, X.; Wang, Q.; Loosdrecht, M.C.; Ni, B.J. Microplastics in Wastewater Treatment Plants: Detection, Occurrence and Removal. Water Res. 2019, 152, 21–37. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Choy, C.A.; Robison, B.H.; Gagne, T.O.; Erwin, B.; Firl, E.; Halden, R.U.; Hamilton, J.A.; Katija, K.; Lisin, S.E.; Rolsky, C.; et al. The Vertical Distribution and Biological Transport of Marine Microplastics across the Epipelagic and Mesopelagic Water Column. Sci. Rep. 2019, 9, 7843. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dai, Z.; Zhang, H.; Zhou, Q.; Tian, Y.; Chen, T.; Tu, C.; Luo, Y. Occurrence of Microplastics in the Water Column and Sediment in an Inland Sea Affected by Intensive Anthropogenic Activities. Environ. Pollut. 2018, 242, 1557–1565. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, D.; Cui, Y.; Zhou, H.; Jin, C.; Yu, X.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, C. Microplastic Pollution in Water, Sediment, and Fish from Artificial Reefs around the Ma’an Archipelago, Shengsi, China. Sci. Total Environ. 2020, 703, 134768. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Desforges, J.P.W.; Galbraith, M.; Dangerfield, N.; Ross, P.S. Widespread Distribution of Microplastics in Subsurface Seawater in the NE Pacific Ocean. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2014, 79, 94–99. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kwon, O.Y.; Kang, J.H.; Hong, S.H.; Shim, W.J. Spatial Distribution of Microplastic in the Surface Waters along the Coast of Korea. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2020, 155, 110729. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wan, Y.; Chen, X.; Liu, Q.; Hu, H.; Wu, C.; Xue, Q. Informal Landfill Contributes to the Pollution of Microplastics in the Surrounding Environment. Environ. Pollut. 2022, 293, 118586. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Galli, M.; Baini, M.; Panti, C.; Giani, D.; Caliani, I.; Campani, T.; Fossi, M.C. Oceanographic and Anthropogenic Variables Driving Marine Litter Distribution in Mediterranean Protected Areas: Extensive Field Data Supported by Forecasting Modelling. Sci. Total Environ. 2023, 903, 166266. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jiang, Y.; Yang, F.; Zhao, Y.; Wang, J. Greenland Sea Gyre Increases Microplastic Pollution in the Surface Waters of the Nordic Seas. Sci. Total Environ. 2020, 712, 136484. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jorquera, A.; Castillo, C.; Murillo, V.; Araya, J.; Pinochet, J.; Narváez, D.; Urbina, M.A. Physical and Anthropogenic Drivers Shaping the Spatial Distribution of Microplastics in the Marine Sediments of Chilean Fjords. Sci. Total Environ. 2022, 814, 152506. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ding, R.; Ouyang, F.; Peng, D.; You, J.; Ding, L.; Ouyang, Z.; Guo, X. A Case Study of Distribution and Characteristics of Microplastics in Surface Water and Sediments of the Seas around Shenzhen, Southern Coastal Area of China. Sci. Total Environ. 2022, 838, 156063. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Daniel, D.B.; Ashraf, P.M.; Thomas, S.N. Microplastics in the Edible and Inedible Tissues of Pelagic Fishes Sold for Human Consumption in Kerala, India. Environ. Pollut. 2020, 266, 115365. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Giacinto, F.; Renzo, L.; Mascilongo, G.; Notarstefano, V.; Gioacchini, G.; Giorgini, E.; Berti, M. Detection of Microplastics, Polymers and Additives in Edible Muscle of Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) and Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) Caught in the Mediterranean Sea. J. Sea Res. 2023, 192, 102359. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lu, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Deng, Y.; Jiang, W.; Zhao, Y.; Geng, J.; Ren, H. Uptake and Accumulation of Polystyrene Microplastics in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Toxic Effects in Liver. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2016, 50, 4054–4060. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- McIlwraith, H.K.; Kim, J.; Helm, P.; Bhavsar, S.P.; Metzger, J.S.; Rochman, C.M. Evidence of Microplastic Translocation in Wild-Caught Fish and Implications for Microplastic Accumulation Dynamics in Food Webs. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2021, 55, 12372–12382. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sucharitakul, P.; Pitt, K.A.; Welsh, D.T. Trophic Transfer of Microbeads to Jellyfish and the Importance of Aging Microbeads for Microplastic Experiments. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2021, 172, 112867. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Joshy, A.; Sharma, S.K.; Mini, K.G. Microplastic Contamination in Commercially Important Bivalves from the Southwest Coast of India. Environ. Pollut. 2022, 305, 119250. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rios-Fuster, B.; Alomar, C.; González, G.P.; Martínez, R.M.G.; Rojas, D.L.S.; Hernando, P.F.; Deudero, S. Assessing Microplastic Ingestion and Occurrence of Bisphenols and Phthalates in Bivalves, Fish and Holothurians from a Mediterranean Marine Protected Area. Environ. Res. 2022, 214, 114034. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rojas-Jimenez, K.; Villalobos-Rojas, F.; Gatgens-García, J.; Rodríguez-Arias, M.; Hernández-Montero, N.; Wehrtmann, I.S. Presence of Microplastics in Six Bivalve Species (Mollusca, Bivalvia) Commercially Exploited at the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica, Central America. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2022, 183, 114040. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, F.; Wang, X.; Xu, J.; Zhu, L.; Peng, G.; Xu, P.; Li, D. Food-Web Transfer of Microplastics between Wild Caught Fish and Crustaceans in East China Sea. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2019, 146, 173–182. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Justino, A.K.; Ferreira, G.V.; Fauvelle, V.; Schmidt, N.; Lenoble, V.; Pelage, L.; Lucena-Frédou, F. From Prey to Predators: Evidence of Microplastic Trophic Transfer in Tuna and Large Pelagic Species in the Southwestern Tropical Atlantic. Environ. Pollut. 2023, 327, 121532. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ugwu, K.; Herrera, A.; Gómez, M. Microplastics in Marine Biota: A Review. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2021, 169, 112540. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Besseling, E.; Foekema, E.M.; Van Franeker, J.A.; Leopold, M.F.; Kühn, S.; Bravo Rebolledo, E.L.; Heße, E.; Mielke, L.; IJzer, J.; Kamminga, P.; et al. Microplastic in a Macro Filter Feeder: Humpback Whale Megaptera Novaeangliae. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2015, 95, 248–252. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Donohue, M.J.; Masura, J.; Gelatt, T.; Ream, R.; Baker, J.D.; Faulhaber, K.; Lerner, D.T. Evaluating Exposure of Northern Fur Seals, Callorhinus Ursinus, to Microplastic Pollution through Fecal Analysis. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2019, 138, 213–221. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Fossi, M.C.; Panti, C.; Guerranti, C.; Coppola, D.; Giannetti, M.; Marsili, L.; Minutoli, R. Are Baleen Whales Exposed to the Threat of Microplastics? A Case Study of the Mediterranean Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus). Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2012, 64, 2374–2379. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hart, L.B.; Dziobak, M.; Wells, R.S.; Ertel, B.; Weinstein, J. Microplastics in Gastric Samples from Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) Residing in Sarasota Bay FL (USA). Front. Mar. Sci. 2022, 9, 947124. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hernandez-Gonzalez, A.; Saavedra, C.; Gago, J.; Covelo, P.; Santos, M.B.; Pierce, G.J. Microplastics in the Stomach Contents of Common Dolphin (Delphinus delphis) Stranded on the Galician Coasts (NW Spain, 2005–2010. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2018, 137, 526–532. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- McIvor, A.; Pires, R.; Raimundo, J.; Campos, P.; Pais, M.; Lopes, C.; Canning-Clode, J.; Dinis, A. Assessing Microplastic Exposure of the Critically Endangered Mediterranean Monk Seal (Monachus monachus) on a Remote Oceanic Island. Sci. Total Environ. 2023, 856, 159077. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Moore, R.C.; Loseto, L.; Noel, M.; Etemadifar, A.; Brewster, J.D.; MacPhee, S.; Ross, P.S. Microplastics in Beluga Whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from the Eastern Beaufort Sea. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2020, 150, 110723. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nelms, S.E.; Galloway, T.S.; Godley, B.J.; Jarvis, D.S.; Lindeque, P.K. Investigating Microplastic Trophic Transfer in Marine Top Predators. Environ. Pollut. 2018, 238, 999–1007. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zantis, L.J.; Bosker, T.; Lawler, F.; Nelms, S.E.; O’Rorke, R.; Constantine, R.; Carroll, E.L. Assessing Microplastic Exposure of Large Marine Filter-Feeders. Sci. Total Environ. 2022, 818, 151815. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, X.; Luo, D.; Yu, R.Q.; Xie, Z.; He, L.; Wu, Y. Microplastics in the Endangered Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins (Sousa chinensis) from the Pearl River Estuary, China. Environ. Pollut. 2021, 270, 116057. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hart, L.B.; Dziobak, M.; Wells, R.S.; McCabe, E.B.; Conger, E.; Curtin, T.; Knight, M.; Weinstein, J. Plastic, It’s What’s for Dinner. A Preliminary Comparison of Ingested Particles in Bottlenose Dolphins and Their Prey. Oceans 2023, 4, 409–422. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Matupang, D.M.; Zulkifli, H.I.; Arnold, J.; Lazim, A.M.; Ghaffar, M.A.; Musa, S.M. Tropical Sharks Feasting on and Swimming through Microplastics: First Evidence from Malaysia. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2023, 189, 114762. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Debbarma, N.; Gurjar, U.R.; Ramteke, K.K.; Shenoy, L.; Nayak, B.B.; Bhushan, S.; Xavier, M. Abundance and Characteristics of Microplastics in Gastrointestinal Tracts and Gills of Croaker Fish (Johnius dussumieri) from off Mumbai Coastal Waters of India. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2022, 176, 113473. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Neves, D.; Sobral, P.; Ferreira, J.L.; Pereira, T. Ingestion of Microplastics by Commercial Fish off the Portuguese Coast. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2015, 101, 119–126. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, B.; Liang, W.; Liu, Q.X.; Fu, S.; Ma, C.; Chen, Q.; Shi, H. Fish Ingest Microplastics Unintentionally. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2021, 55, 10471–10479. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Roch, S.; Friedrich, C.; Brinker, A. Uptake Routes of Microplastics in Fishes: Practical and Theoretical Approaches to Test Existing Theories. Sci. Rep. 2020, 10, 3896. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Su, L.; Deng, H.; Li, B.; Chen, Q.; Pettigrove, V.; Wu, C.; Shi, H. The Occurrence of Microplastic in Specific Organs in Commercially Caught Fishes from Coast and Estuary Area of East China. J. Hazard. Mater. 2019, 365, 716–724. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hasegawa, T.; Nakaoka, M. Trophic Transfer of Microplastics from Mysids to Fish Greatly Exceeds Direct Ingestion from the Water Column. Environ. Pollut. 2021, 273, 116468. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mizraji, R.; Ahrendt, C.; Perez, D.; Vargas, J.; Pulgar, J.; Aldana, M.; Galban, C. Is the Feeding Type Related with the Content of Microplastics in Intertidal Fish Gut? Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2017, 116, 498–500. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ory, N.C.; Sobral, P.; Ferreira, J.L.; Thiel, M. Amberstripe Scad Decapterus Muroadsi (Carangidae) Fish Ingest Blue Microplastics Resembling Their Copepod Prey along the Coast of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) in the South Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Sci. Total Environ. 2017, 586, 430–437. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dziobak, M.K.; Wells, R.S.; Pisarski, E.C.; Wirth, E.F.; Hart, L.B. Demographic Assessment of Mono(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (MEHP) and Monoethyl Phthalate (MEP) Concentrations in Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) From Sarasota Bay, FL, USA. GeoHealth 2021, 5, e2020GH000348. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hart, L.B.; Beckingham, B.; Wells, R.S.; Alten Flagg, M.; Wischusen, K.; Moors, A.; Kucklick, J.; Pisarski, E.; Wirth, E. Urinary Phthalate Metabolites in Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) From Sarasota Bay, FL, USA. GeoHealth 2018, 2, 313–326. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- University of South Florida, W.A. Sarasota Bay Watershed: Geography and Land Use—Sarasota.WaterAtlas.Org. Available online: https://www.sarasota.wateratlas.usf.edu/watershed/geography.asp?wshedid=5&wbodyatlas=watershed (accessed on 2 February 2023).
- Sarasota Bay Estuary Program Sarasota Bay Estuary Program Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan. Available online: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PwMtAe4YZyKG-TZmnv59OkVswD3Rfyy_/view (accessed on 4 August 2024).
- Gulfbase.Org. Available online: https://www.gulfbase.org/ (accessed on 4 August 2024).
- Wastewater Division|Sarasota County, FL. Available online: https://www.scgov.net/government/public-utilities/wastewater-division (accessed on 4 August 2024).
- Cristaldi, A.; Fiore, M.; Zuccarello, P.; Oliveri Conti, G.; Grasso, A.; Nicolosi, I.; Copat, C.; Ferrante, M. Efficiency of Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) for Microplastic Removal: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 8014. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- 33 USC 1330: National Estuary Program. In 33-Navigation and Navigable Waters; 2024. Available online: https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title33-section1330&num=0&edition=prelim (accessed on 7 April 2024).
- Sarasota, Florida Code of Ordinances. Article IV—Regulation of Expanded Polystyrene and Single-Use Drinking Straws; 2019; Volume 19–5287, Available online: https://library.municode.com/fl/sarasota/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=PTIITHCO_CH16RESOWA_ARTIVREEXPOSIEDRST (accessed on 7 April 2024).
- Berens McCabe, E.J.; Wells, R.S.; Toms, C.N.; Barleycorn, A.A.; Wilkinson, K.A.; Palubok, V.I. Effects of Multiple Karenia Brevis Red Tide Blooms on a Common Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Prey Fish Assemblage: Patterns of Resistance and Resilience in Sarasota Bay, Florida. Front. Mar. Sci. 2021, 8, 711114. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gannon, D.P.; McCabe, E.J.B.; Camilleri, S.A.; Gannon, J.G.; Brueggen, M.K.; Barleycorn, A.A.; Wells, R.S. Effects of Karenia Brevis Harmful Algal Blooms on Nearshore Fish Communities in Southwest Florida. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 2009, 378, 171–186. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Berens McCabe, E.J.; Gannon, D.P.; Barros, N.B.; Wells, R.S. Prey Selection by Resident Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Sarasota Bay, Florida. Mar. Biol. 2010, 157, 931–942. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wells, R.S.; McHugh, K.A.; Douglas, D.C.; Shippee, S.; McCabe, E.B.; Barros, N.B.; Phillips, G.T. Evaluation of Potential Protective Factors against Metabolic Syndrome in Bottlenose Dolphins: Feeding and Activity Patterns of Dolphins in Sarasota Bay, Florida. Front. Endocrinol. 2013, 4, 139. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lusher, A.L.; Welden, N.A.; Sobral, P.; Cole, M. Sampling, Isolating and Identifying Microplastics Ingested by Fish and Invertebrates. Anal. Methods 2017, 9, 1346–1360. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- De Witte, B.; Devriese, L.; Bekaert, K.; Hoffman, S.; Vandermeersch, G.; Cooreman, K.; Robbens, J. Quality Assessment of the Blue Mussel (Mytilus edulis): Comparison between Commercial and Wild Types. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2014, 85, 146–155. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Leads, R.R.; Weinstein, J.E. Occurrence of Tire Wear Particles and Other Microplastics within the Tributaries of the Charleston Harbor Estuary, South Carolina, USA. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2019, 145, 569–582. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hartmann, N.B.; Huffer, T.; Thompson, R.C.; Hassellov, M.; Verschoor, A.; Daugaard, A.E.; Wagner, M. Are We Speaking the Same Language? Recommendations for a Definition and Categorization Framework for Plastic Debris. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2019, 53, 1039–1047. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bharath, K.M.; Muthulakshmi, A.L.; Natesan, U. Microplastic Contamination around the Landfills: Distribution, Characterization and Threats: A Review. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sci. Health 2023, 31, 100422. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lusher, A.L.; Bråte, I.L.N.; Munno, K.; Hurley, R.R.; Welden, N.A. Is It or Isn’t It: The Importance of Visual Classification in Microplastic Characterization. Appl. Spectrosc. 2020, 74, 1139–1153. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Devriese, L.I.; van der Meulen, M.D.; Maes, T.; Bekaert, K.; Paul-Pont, I.; Frère, L.; Robbens, J.; Vethaak, A.D. Microplastic Contamination in Brown Shrimp (Crangon crangon, Linnaeus 1758) from Coastal Waters of the Southern North Sea and Channel Area. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2015, 98, 179–187. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Robertson, D.R.; Tassell, J.V. Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean: Online Information System. Version 3.0. Available online: https://biogeodb.stri.si.edu/caribbean/en/pages (accessed on 7 April 2024).
- Atamanalp, M.; Köktürk, M.; Uçar, A.; Duyar, H.A.; Özdemir, S.; Parlak, V.; Esenbuğa, N.; Alak, G. Microplastics in Tissues (Brain, Gill, Muscle and Gastrointestinal) of Mullus barbatus and Alosa immaculata. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2021, 81, 460–469. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zitouni, N.; Cappello, T.; Missawi, O.; Boughattas, I.; De Marco, G.; Belbekhouche, S.; Mokni, M.; Alphonse, V.; Guerbej, H.; Bousserrhine, N. Metabolomic Disorders Unveil Hepatotoxicity of Environmental Microplastics in Wild Fish Serranus Scriba (Linnaeus 1758). Sci. Total Environ. 2022, 838, 155872. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- McEachern, K.; Alegria, H.; Kalagher, A.L.; Hansen, C.; Morrison, S.; Hastings, D. Microplastics in Tampa Bay, Florida: Abundance and Variability in Estuarine Waters and Sediments. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2019, 148, 97–106. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Luo, W.; Su, L.; Craig, N.J.; Du, F.; Wu, C.; Shi, H. Comparison of Microplastic Pollution in Different Water Bodies from Urban Creeks to Coastal Waters. Environ. Pollut. 2019, 246, 174–182. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Acha, E.M.; Mianzan, H.W.; Iribarne, O.; Gagliardini, D.A.; Lasta, C.; Daleo, P. The Role of the Rıo de La Plata Bottom Salinity Front in Accumulating Debris. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2003, 46, 197–202. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zitouni, N.; Bousserrhine, N.; Belbekhouche, S.; Missawi, O.; Alphonse, V.; Boughatass, I.; Banni, M. First Report on the Presence of Small Microplastics (≤3 Μm) in Tissue of the Commercial Fish Serranus Scriba (Linnaeus. 1758) from Tunisian Coasts and Associated Cellular Alterations. Environ. Pollut. 2020, 263, 114576. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Makhdoumi, P.; Hossini, H.; Nazmara, Z.; Mansouri, K.; Pirsaheb, M. Occurrence and Exposure Analysis of Microplastic in the Gut and Muscle Tissue of Riverine Fish in Kermanshah Province of Iran. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2021, 173, 112915. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zeytin, S.; Wagner, G.; Mackay-Roberts, N.; Gerdts, G.; Schuirmann, E.; Klockmann, S.; Slater, M. Quantifying Microplastic Translocation from Feed to the Fillet in European Sea Bass Dicentrarchus Labrax. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2020, 156, 111210. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, S.; Wang, N.; Gong, S.; Gao, S. The Patterns of Trophic Transfer of Microplastic Ingestion by Fish in the Artificial Reef Area and Adjacent Waters of Haizhou Bay. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2022, 177, 113565. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Montgomery, J.L.M.; Targett, T.E. The Nutritional Role of Seagrass in the Diet of the Omnivorous Pinfish Lagodon rhomboides (L.). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 1992, 158, 37–57. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Goss, H.; Jaskiel, J.; Rotjan, R. Thalassia Testudinum as a Potential Vector for Incorporating Microplastics into Benthic Marine Food Webs. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2018, 135, 1085–1089. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Aytan, U.; Esensoy, F.B.; Senturk, Y. Microplastic Ingestion and Egestion by Copepods in the Black Sea. Sci. Total Environ. 2022, 806, 150921. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Barros, N.B.; Wells, R.S. Prey and Feeding Patterns of Resident Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Sarasota Bay, Florida. J. Mammal. 1998, 79, 1045–1059. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Moore, R.; Noel, M.; Etemadifar, A.; Loseto, L.; Posacka, A.; Bendell, L.; Ross, P. Microplastics in Beluga Whale (Delphinapterus leucas) Prey: An Exploratory Assessment of Trophic Transfer in the Beaufort Sea. Sci. Total Environ. 2022, 806, 150201. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jin, Y.; Xia, J.; Pan, Z.; Yang, J.; Wang, W.; Fu, Z. Polystyrene Microplastics Induce Microbiota Dysbiosis and Inflammation in the Gut of Adult Zebrafish. Environ. Pollut. 2018, 235, 322–329. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Solomando, A.; Capó, X.; Alomar, C.; Álvarez, E.; Compa, M.; Valencia, J.M.; Pinya, S.; Deudero, S.; Sureda, A. Long-Term Exposure to Microplastics Induces Oxidative Stress and a pro-Inflammatory Response in the Gut of Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758. Environ. Pollut. 2020, 266, 115295. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gupta, P.; Mahapatra, A.; Suman, A.; Ray, S.S.; Malafaia, G.; Singh, R.K. Polystyrene Microplastics Disrupt Female Reproductive Health and Fertility via Sirt1 Modulation in Zebrafish (Danio rerio). J. Hazard. Mater. 2023, 460, 132359. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sayed, E.-D.H.; Hamed, M.; Ismail, R.F. Natural Antioxidants Can Improve Microplastics-Induced Male Reproductive Impairment in the African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Front. Environ. Sci. 2022, 9, 811466. [Google Scholar]
- Jin, H.; Yang, C.; Jiang, C.; Li, L.; Pan, M.; Li, D.; Han, X.; Ding, J. Evaluation of Neurotoxicity in BALB/c Mice Following Chronic Exposure to Polystyrene Microplastics. Environ. Health Perspect. 2022, 130, 107002. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Liao, X.-L.; Chen, Z.-F.; Ou, S.-P.; Liu, Q.-Y.; Lin, S.-H.; Zhou, J.-M.; Wang, Y.; Cai, Z. Neurological Impairment Is Crucial for Tire Rubber-Derived Contaminant 6PPDQ-Induced Acute Toxicity to Rainbow Trout. Sci. Bull. 2024, 69, 621–635. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jin, Y.; Lu, L.; Tu, W.; Luo, T.; Fu, Z. Impacts of Polystyrene Microplastic on the Gut Barrier, Microbiota and Metabolism of Mice. Sci. Total Environ. 2019, 649, 308–317. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wan, Z.; Wang, C.; Zhou, J.; Shen, M.; Wang, X.; Fu, Z.; Jin, Y. Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on the Composition of the Microbiome and Metabolism in Larval Zebrafish. Chemosphere 2019, 217, 646–658. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Florida Seafood and Aquaculture Overview and Statistics/Agriculture Industry/Home—Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services. Available online: https://www.fdacs.gov/Agriculture-Industry/Florida-Seafood-and-Aquaculture-Overview-and-Statistics (accessed on 7 April 2024).
- Search FishBase. Available online: https://www.fishbase.se/search.php (accessed on 25 August 2023).
- Faletti, M.E.; Chacin, D.H.; Peake, J.A.; MacDonald, T.C.; Stallings, C.D. Population Dynamics of Pinfish in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico (1998–2016). PLoS ONE 2019, 14, e0221131. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ohs, C.L.; Creswell, R.L.; Dimaggio, M.A. Growing Marine Baitfish: A Guide to Florida’s Common Marine Baitfish and Their Potential for Aquaculture; 2013. Available online: https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/35379/noaa_35379_DS1.pdf (accessed on 7 April 2024).
- Akoueson, F.; Sheldon, L.M.; Danopoulos, E.; Morris, S.; Hotten, J.; Chapman, E.; Li, J.; Jeanette, M. Rotchell A Preliminary Analysis of Microplastics in Edible versus Non-Edible Tissues from Seafood Samples. Environ. Pollut. 2020, 263, 114452. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Foekema, E.M.; De Gruijter, C.; Mergia, M.T.; van Franeker, J.A.; Murk, A.J.; Koelmans, A.A. Plastic in North Sea Fish. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47, 8818–8824. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Beckingham, B.; Apintiloaiei, A.; Moore, C.; Brandes, J. Hot or Not: Systematic Review and Laboratory Evaluation of the Hot Needle Test for Microplastic Identification. Microplast. Nanoplast. 2023, 3, 8. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Common Name (Genus Species) | Foraging Type 1 | Muscle Samples (n) | Muscle Mass (g) Mean (sd) | Muscle Particle Load (# Particles/g) Mean (sd) | GI Samples (n) | GI Mass (g) Mean (sd) | GI Particle Load (# Particles/g) Mean (sd) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hardhead Catfish (Ariopsis felis) | Carnivore | 6 | 34.33 (14.45) | 0.08 (0.06) | 6 | 30.43 (16.69) | 6.04 (4.67) |
Sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus) | Omnivore | 2 | (16.40–47.40) * | (0.06–0.27) * | 2 | (3.10–19.90) * | (1.81–7.10) * |
Menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) | Carnivore | 5 | 30.18 (11.90) | 0.11 (0.07) | 4 | 12.30 (2.99) | 2.70 (1.23) |
Spotted Seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) | Carnivore | 5 | 68.66 (78.83) | 0.02 (0.05) | 5 | 15.68 (11.81) | 0.99 (1.29) |
Ladyfish (Elops saurus) | Carnivore | 2 | (100.20–117.30) * | (0.04–0.15) * | 2 | (20.60–25.00) * | (0.68–1.16) * |
Scaled Sardine (Harengula jaguana) | Carnivore | 8 | 6.46 (2.03) | 0.15 (0.12) | 8 | 2.39 (1.49) | 10.87 (5.51) |
Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides) | Omnivore | 24 | 15.01 (15.02) | 0.38 (0.64) | 25 | 4.50 (1.78) | 15.20 (22.79) |
Spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) | Carnivore | 5 | 26.24 (2.83) | 0.07 (0.05) | 4 | 5.13 (0.86) | 0.91 (0.97) |
Gulf Toadfish (Opsanus beta) | Carnivore | 12 | 7.06 (3.75) | 0.38 (0.56) | 12 | 5.61 (2.86) | 4.66 (5.14) |
Pigfish (Orthopristis chrysoptera) | Carnivore | 16 | 10.19 (7.19) | 0.23 (0.18) | 15 | 4.16 (3.76) | 4.45 (5.45) |
Atlantic Thread Herring (Opisthonema oglinum) | Carnivore | 4 | 4.3 (3.55) | 1.08 (0.92) | 3 | 3.63 (1.06) | 11.61 (11.08) |
Particle Shape | Total Muscle Samples with Particle Shape n (%) | Particle Shapes in Muscle Samples with <10 Particles n (%) | Particle Shapes in Muscle Samples with 10–50 Particles n (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Fiber Bundles | 3 (3.37) | 3 (3.37) | 0 |
Single Fibers | 64 (71.91) | 63 (70.79) | 1 (1.12) |
Films | 24 (26.97) | 24 (26.97) | 0 |
Foams | 5 (5.62) | 5 (5.62) | 0 |
Non-TWP Fragments | 10 (11.24) | 9 (10.11) | 1 (1.12) |
TWP Fragments * | 10 (11.24) | 10 (11.24) | 0 |
Particle Shapes Observed in GI Tissue | Total GI Samples with Particle Shape n (%) | Particle Shapes in GI Samples with <10 Particles n (%) | Particle Shapes in GI Samples with 10–50 Particles n (%) | Particle Shapes in GI Samples with 51–100 Particles n (%) | Particle Shapes in GI Samples with 101–300 Particles n (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fiber Bundles | 42 (48.84) | 26 (30.23) | 15 (17.44) | 0 | 1 (1.16) |
Single Fibers | 71 (82.56) | 40 (46.51) | 25 (29.07) | 2 (2.33) | 4 (4.65) |
Film | 54 (62.79) | 40 (46.51) | 11 (12.79) | 0 | 3 (3.49) |
Foam | 4 (4.65) | 4 (4.65) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Non-TWP Fragment | 28 (32.56) | 25 (29.07) | 2 (2.33) | 1 (1.16) | 0 |
TWP Fragment * | 14 (16.28) | 14 (16.28) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Mixed Bundle | 11 (12.79) | 6 (6.98) | 5 (5.81) | 0 | 0 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Conger, E.; Dziobak, M.; Berens McCabe, E.J.; Curtin, T.; Gaur, A.; Wells, R.S.; Weinstein, J.E.; Hart, L.B. An Analysis of Suspected Microplastics in the Muscle and Gastrointestinal Tissues of Fish from Sarasota Bay, FL: Exposure and Implications for Apex Predators and Seafood Consumers. Environments 2024, 11, 185. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments11090185
Conger E, Dziobak M, Berens McCabe EJ, Curtin T, Gaur A, Wells RS, Weinstein JE, Hart LB. An Analysis of Suspected Microplastics in the Muscle and Gastrointestinal Tissues of Fish from Sarasota Bay, FL: Exposure and Implications for Apex Predators and Seafood Consumers. Environments. 2024; 11(9):185. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments11090185
Chicago/Turabian StyleConger, Eric, Miranda Dziobak, Elizabeth J. Berens McCabe, Tita Curtin, Ayushi Gaur, Randall S. Wells, John E. Weinstein, and Leslie B. Hart. 2024. "An Analysis of Suspected Microplastics in the Muscle and Gastrointestinal Tissues of Fish from Sarasota Bay, FL: Exposure and Implications for Apex Predators and Seafood Consumers" Environments 11, no. 9: 185. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments11090185