Hydrological Consequences of Timber Harvesting in Landscape Zones of Siberia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Hydrological Effects of Clearcutting Dark-Needled Forests of West Sayan
3.2. Hydrological Effects of Clearcutting in Northern Angara Region
4. Discussions
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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River | Flows into River | Length (m) | Area of River Basin (km²) | Average Height of River Basin (m) | Average Long-Term Runoff (mm) | Landscape Zone |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
West Sayan | ||||||
Migna | Oya | 58 | 490 | 360 | 708 | Forest-steppe |
Kebezh | Oya | 131 | 2110 | 742 | 2616 | mountain taiga-forest steppe |
Shadat | Amyl | 99 | 1680 | 885 | 7018 | Mountain taiga |
Oya | Yenisei | 254 | 5300 | 669 | 3596 | Mountain taiga-forest steppe |
Amyl | Tuba | 257 | 9500 | 959 | 6623 | Mountain taiga |
Kazyr | Tuba | 388 | 20,900 | 965 | 4783 | Mountain taiga |
Northern Angara Region | ||||||
Karabula | Angara | 212 | 5060 | 300 | 686 | South taiga |
Mura | Angara | 330 | 10,800 | 320 | 963 | South taiga |
Irkineyeva | Angara | 563 | 13,600 | 369 | 1089 | Meddle taiga |
Chadobets | Angara | 647 | 19,700 | 390 | 889 | Meddle taiga |
Taseyeva | Angara | 1240 | 128,000 | 315 | 1875 | South taiga |
Successional Stage after Felling | Years after Felling | Phytomass (t/ha) abs. Dry Matter | Evapotranspiration, mm | % of Total Evaporation in the Forest | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Leaves or Needles | Grass and Shrub | Transpiration | Intercepted Precipitation | Soil Evaporation | Snow Cover | Total | ||||
Stand, Undergrowth | Grass and Shrub | |||||||||
Grass and shrub plant community | 1 | 0 | 3.1 | 0 | 206 | 52 | 70 | 40 | 368 | 47 |
3 | 0 | 3.7 | 0 | 325 | 76 | 50 | 40 | 491 | 71 | |
8 | 0 | 6.0 | 0 | 386 | 90 | 30 | 30 | 536 | 102 | |
12 | 1.1 | 4.7 | 50 | 352 | 90 | 20 | 30 | 542 | 94 | |
Fir stand | 25 | 8.4 | 0.9 | 172 | 42 | 261 | 15 | 20 | 510 | 82 |
30 | 9.5 | 0.8 | 207 | 36 | 288 | 15 | 20 | 566 | 86 | |
35 | 10.6 | 0.8 | 240 | 78 | 270 | 15 | 20 | 623 | 98 | |
40 | 11.3 | 1.1 | 269 | 81 | 221 | 15 | 20 | 606 | 100 | |
50 | 10.6 | 1.1 | 248 | 79 | 156 | 15 | 20 | 518 | 118 | |
Birch stand | 25 | 3.2 | 0.5 | 177 | 56 | 115 | 19 | 30 | 397 | 65 |
30 | 3.8 | 0.6 | 237 | 75 | 164 | 19 | 30 | 525 | 80 | |
35 | 4.2 | 0.6 | 295 | 102 | 201 | 19 | 30 | 647 | 94 | |
40 | 4.5 | 1.0 | 357 | 122 | 242 | 19 | 30 | 770 | 98 | |
50 | 4.8 | 1.2 | 369 | 136 | 256 | 19 | 30 | 810 | 118 | |
Aspen stand | 25 | 7.5 | 0.5 | 212 | 40 | 121 | 19 | 30 | 422 | 72 |
30 | 8.3 | 0.5 | 278 | 55 | 165 | 19 | 30 | 547 | 85 | |
35 | 7.4 | 0.6 | 312 | 71 | 198 | 19 | 30 | 630 | 96 | |
40 | 7.5 | 0.6 | 412 | 106 | 238 | 19 | 30 | 805 | 103 | |
50 | 7.0 | 0.8 | 401 | 104 | 258 | 19 | 30 | 812 | 121 |
Successional Stage after Felling | Years after Logging | Precipitation (mm) | Runoff (mm) | Runoff at Control Plot (mm) | Kr | Ktr |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grass and shrub plant community | 1 | 731 | 458 | 224 | 0.62 | 2.04 |
3 | 965 | 439 | 290 | 0.45 | 1.51 | |
8 | 859 | 280 | 239 | 0.32 | 1.17 | |
12 | 702 | 236 | 205 | 0.33 | 1.15 | |
Fir stand | 25 | 670 | 202 | 150 | 0.30 | 1.35 |
30 | 910 | 287 | 250 | 0.32 | 1.15 | |
35 | 845 | 190 | 175 | 0.22 | 1.09 | |
40 | 689 | 155 | 159 | 0.22 | 0.97 | |
50 | 940 | 236 | 258 | 0.25 | 0.91 | |
Birch stand | 25 | 670 | 199 | 150 | 0.30 | 1.33 |
30 | 910 | 302 | 250 | 0.33 | 1.21 | |
35 | 845 | 201 | 175 | 0.24 | 1.15 | |
40 | 689 | 169 | 159 | 0.25 | 1.06 | |
50 | 940 | 266 | 258 | 0.28 | 1.03 | |
Aspen stand | 25 | 670 | 185 | 150 | 0.28 | 1.23 |
30 | 910 | 262 | 250 | 0.29 | 1.05 | |
35 | 845 | 203 | 175 | 0.24 | 1.16 | |
40 | 689 | 169 | 159 | 0.25 | 1.06 | |
50 | 940 | 234 | 258 | 0.25 | 0.91 |
River Flow Trends | Precipitation Trends | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
River—Hydrological Station | Basin Area (km²) | Mean Runoff (mm) | Coefficient of Linear Trend | Weather Station | Mean Precipitation (mm) | Coefficient of Linear Trend |
Amyl—Kachulka | 9850 | 6623 | −1.31 | Verkhny Amyl | 933 | −0.522 |
Kazir—Tajaty | 11,900 | 794.0 | −1.91 | Verkhny Amyl | 933 | −0.522 |
Kebezh—Grigorjevka | 10000 | 554.7 | +1.23 | Grigorjevka | 624 | −1.728 |
Shadat—Ust-Shadat | 1680 | 856.7 | +1.65 | Olenya Rechka | 1235 | −3.644 |
Oya—Ermakovskoe | 2540 | 414.4 | −0.67 | Ermakovskoe | 502 | −0.760 |
Migna—Migna | 190 | 177.5 | −1.35 | Grigorjevka | 624 | −1.728 |
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Onuchin, A.; Burenina, T.; Pavlov, I. Hydrological Consequences of Timber Harvesting in Landscape Zones of Siberia. Environments 2017, 4, 51. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments4030051
Onuchin A, Burenina T, Pavlov I. Hydrological Consequences of Timber Harvesting in Landscape Zones of Siberia. Environments. 2017; 4(3):51. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments4030051
Chicago/Turabian StyleOnuchin, Alexander, Tamara Burenina, and Igor Pavlov. 2017. "Hydrological Consequences of Timber Harvesting in Landscape Zones of Siberia" Environments 4, no. 3: 51. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments4030051