Diagnosis and Management of Type 1 Sialidosis: Clinical Insights from Long-Term Care of Four Unrelated Patients

Coppola, Antonietta; Ianniciello, Marta; Vanli-Yavuz, Ebru N.; Rossi, Settimio; Simonelli, Francesca; Castellotti, Barbara; Esposito, Marcello; Tozza, Stefano; Troisi, Serena; Bellofatto, Marta; Ugga, Lorenzo; Striano, Salvatore; D’Amico, Alessandra; Baykan, Betul; Striano, Pasquale; Bilo, Leonilda

doi:10.3390/brainsci10080506

Open AccessArticle

Diagnosis and Management of Type 1 Sialidosis: Clinical Insights from Long-Term Care of Four Unrelated Patients

by

Antonietta Coppola

^1,*

,

Marta Ianniciello

¹,

Ebru N. Vanli-Yavuz

^2,3,

Settimio Rossi

⁴,

Francesca Simonelli

⁴,

Barbara Castellotti

⁵,

Marcello Esposito

¹,

Stefano Tozza

¹

,

Serena Troisi

¹,

Marta Bellofatto

¹

,

Lorenzo Ugga

⁶

,

Salvatore Striano

¹,

Alessandra D’Amico

⁶

,

Betul Baykan

²,

Pasquale Striano

^7,8

and

Leonilda Bilo

¹

Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy

²

Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey

³

Department of Neurology, Koc University Hospital, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey

⁴

Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy

⁵

Unit of Genetic of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milano, Italy

⁶

Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy

⁷

Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy

⁸

Pediatric Neurology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Brain Sci. 2020, 10(8), 506; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10080506

Submission received: 25 June 2020 / Revised: 23 July 2020 / Accepted: 24 July 2020 / Published: 1 August 2020

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Epilepsy)

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Abstract

Background: Sialidosis is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by NEU1 mutations, leading to neuraminidase deficiency and accumulation of sialic acid-containing oligosaccharides and glycopeptides into the tissues. Sialidosis is divided into two clinical entities, depending on residual enzyme activity, and can be distinguished according to age of onset, clinical features, and progression. Type 1 sialidosis is the milder, late-onset form, also known as non-dysmorphic sialidosis. It is commonly characterized by progressive myoclonus, ataxia, and a macular cherry-red spot. As a rare condition, the diagnosis is often only made after few years from onset, and the clinical management might prove difficult. Furthermore, the information in the literature on the long-term course is scarce. Case presentations: We describe a comprehensive clinical, neuroradiological, ophthalmological, and electrophysiological history of four unrelated patients affected by type 1 sialidosis. The long-term care and novel clinical and neuroradiological insights are discussed. Discussion and conclusions: We report the longest follow-up (up to 30 years) ever described in patients with type 1 sialidosis. During the course, we observed a high degree of motor and speech disability with preserved cognitive functions. Among the newest antiseizure medication, perampanel (PER) was proven to be effective in controlling myoclonus and tonic–clonic seizures, confirming it is a valid therapeutic option for these patients. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disclosed new findings, including bilateral gliosis of cerebellar folia and of the occipital white matter. In addition, a newly reported variant (c.914G > A) is described.

Keywords: type-1-sialidosis; myoclonus; brain MRI; cherry-red spot; giant SEP; jerk-locked back averaging analysis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Coppola, A.; Ianniciello, M.; Vanli-Yavuz, E.N.; Rossi, S.; Simonelli, F.; Castellotti, B.; Esposito, M.; Tozza, S.; Troisi, S.; Bellofatto, M.; et al. Diagnosis and Management of Type 1 Sialidosis: Clinical Insights from Long-Term Care of Four Unrelated Patients. Brain Sci. 2020, 10, 506. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10080506

AMA Style

Coppola A, Ianniciello M, Vanli-Yavuz EN, Rossi S, Simonelli F, Castellotti B, Esposito M, Tozza S, Troisi S, Bellofatto M, et al. Diagnosis and Management of Type 1 Sialidosis: Clinical Insights from Long-Term Care of Four Unrelated Patients. Brain Sciences. 2020; 10(8):506. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10080506

Chicago/Turabian Style

Coppola, Antonietta, Marta Ianniciello, Ebru N. Vanli-Yavuz, Settimio Rossi, Francesca Simonelli, Barbara Castellotti, Marcello Esposito, Stefano Tozza, Serena Troisi, Marta Bellofatto, and et al. 2020. "Diagnosis and Management of Type 1 Sialidosis: Clinical Insights from Long-Term Care of Four Unrelated Patients" Brain Sciences 10, no. 8: 506. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10080506

APA Style

Coppola, A., Ianniciello, M., Vanli-Yavuz, E. N., Rossi, S., Simonelli, F., Castellotti, B., Esposito, M., Tozza, S., Troisi, S., Bellofatto, M., Ugga, L., Striano, S., D’Amico, A., Baykan, B., Striano, P., & Bilo, L. (2020). Diagnosis and Management of Type 1 Sialidosis: Clinical Insights from Long-Term Care of Four Unrelated Patients. Brain Sciences, 10(8), 506. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10080506

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Diagnosis and Management of Type 1 Sialidosis: Clinical Insights from Long-Term Care of Four Unrelated Patients

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