Multisensory Integration in Caenorhabditis elegans in Comparison to Mammals
Abstract
:1. General Introduction
2. Multisensory Integration in C. elegans
2.1. Sensory Processing in C. elegans
2.2. C. elegans Performs Multisensory Integration
2.3. Integration at the Level of Sensory Neurons
2.4. Integration at the Level of Interneurons
2.5. Neuromodulators in Multisensory Integration
2.6. Top-Down Mechanisms in the Multisensory Integration
3. Multisensory Integration in Development
4. Comparison of Multisensory Integration Studies between C. elegans and Mammals
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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C. elegans | Mammals | |
---|---|---|
Dominant modality | Olfaction | Vision |
Receptor expression | One neuron, many receptors | One neuron, one receptor |
Valence of stimulus | Often determined at the sensory neuron level | Often determined at higher brain region such as amygdala |
Common method measuring neural activity | Calcium imaging | Electrophysiology |
Type of neuron membrane potential | Mostly graded potential | Action potential |
Behavioral output | Often presented as directed behaviors, that involves a directional response to a directional sensory input | Presented as increased response magnitude, reduced response latency, more solid memories formation, more accurate perception and so on |
Top-down modulators | Hunger is mostly used | Stress, attention, expectation, emotion, motivation and so on |
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Yu, Y.V.; Xue, W.; Chen, Y. Multisensory Integration in Caenorhabditis elegans in Comparison to Mammals. Brain Sci. 2022, 12, 1368. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12101368
Yu YV, Xue W, Chen Y. Multisensory Integration in Caenorhabditis elegans in Comparison to Mammals. Brain Sciences. 2022; 12(10):1368. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12101368
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu, Yanxun V., Weikang Xue, and Yuanhua Chen. 2022. "Multisensory Integration in Caenorhabditis elegans in Comparison to Mammals" Brain Sciences 12, no. 10: 1368. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12101368