Functional Integration and Segregation in a Multilayer Network Model of Patients with Schizophrenia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Data Acquisition
2.2. Data Preprocessing
2.3. Single-Layer Network Construction
2.4. Multilayer Network Construction
2.5. Network Measures
2.6. Single-Layer Network Measures of Segregation and Integration
2.7. Multilayer Network Segregation
2.8. Multilayer Network Integration
2.9. Parcellation into RSNs
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Network Integration and Segregation
3.2. RSNs Differences
3.3. Node Vulnerability
3.4. Correlation between Network Measures and Cognitive Scores
4. Discussion
4.1. High Integration and Segregation in the Multilayer Network of Patients with Schizophrenia
4.2. Aberrant RSNs in Patients with Schizophrenia
4.3. Active Subcortical Network in Patients with Schizophrenia
4.4. Methodological Considerations and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | TD | SCHZ | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Number of subjects | 69 | 50 | -- |
Age (mean ± SD) | 31.83 ± 8.73 | 33.84 ± 6.51 | 0.156 1 |
Sex (M/F) | 42/27 | 38/12 | 0.083 2 |
SAPS (mean ± SD) | -- | 30.92 ± 21.04 | -- |
SANS (mean ± SD) | -- | 35.9 ± 19.21 | -- |
ROI | Name | Abbreviation | Network | P (FDR) | SCHZ (SD) | TD (SD) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | Frontal_Sup_L | SFGdor.L | Default mode | 0.020 | 1.338 (0.058) | 1.305 (0.061) |
21 | Olfactory_L | OLF.L | Subcortical | 0.000 | 1.098 (0.338) | 0.132 (0.344) |
22 | Olfactory_R | OLF.R | Subcortical | 0.000 | 1.091 (0.398) | 0.038 (0.182) |
25 | Frontal_Mid_Orb_L | ORBsupmed.L | Default mode | 0.014 | 1.245 (0.122) | 1.092 (0.388) |
28 | Rectus_R | REC.R | Default mode | 0.009 | 1.180 (0.228) | 0.999 (0.387) |
35 | Cingulum_Post_L | PCG.L | Default mode | 0.009 | 1.205 (0.213) | 1.021 (0.393) |
36 | Cingulum_Post_R | PCG.R | Default mode | 0.000 | 1.208 (0.126) | 0.289 (0.483) |
39 | ParaHippocampal_L | PHG.L | Subcortical | 0.023 | 1.289 (0.098) | 1.190 (0.229) |
41 | Amygdala_L | AMYG.L | Subcortical | 0.000 | 1.242 (0.129) | 0.000 (0.000) |
42 | Amygdala_R | AMYG.R | Subcortical | 0.000 | 1.249 (0.116) | 0.026 (0.156) |
45 | Cuneus_L | CUN.L | Visual | 0.005 | 1.311 (0.073) | 1.268 (0.068) |
46 | Cuneus_R | CUN.R | Visual | 0.023 | 1.332 (0.059) | 1.300 (0.061) |
49 | Occipital_Sup_L | SOG.L | Visual | 0.000 | 1.311 (0.071) | 1.188 (0.221) |
53 | Occipital_Inf_L | IOG.L | Visual | 0.000 | 1.322 (0.079) | 1.265 (0.072) |
59 | Parietal_Sup_L | SPG.L | Sensorimotor | 0.000 | 1.334 (0.060) | 1.260 (0.095) |
74 | Putamen_R | PUT.R | Subcortical | 0.043 | 1.293 (0.075) | 1.250 (0.113) |
75 | Pallidum_L | PAL.L | Subcortical | 0.000 | 1.227 (0.211) | 0.045 (0.216) |
76 | Pallidum_R | PAL.R | Subcortical | 0.000 | 1.245 (0.119) | 0.015 (0.124) |
77 | Thalamus_L | THA.L | Subcortical | 0.038 | 1.258 (0.118) | 1.179 (0.191) |
78 | Thalamus_R | THA.R | Subcortical | 0.000 | 1.269 (0.111) | 1.163 (0.154) |
79 | Heschl_L | HES.L | Sensorimotor | 0.000 | 1.282 (0.080) | 0.196 (0.409) |
80 | Heschl_R | HES.R | Sensorimotor | 0.000 | 1.302 (0.074) | 0.285 (0.482) |
87 | Temporal_Pole_Mid_L | TPOmid.L | Subcortical | 0.000 | 1.149 (0.278) | 0.829 (0.489) |
ROI | Name | Abbreviation | Network | P (FDR) | SCHZ (SD) | TD (SD) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
21 | Olfactory_L | OLF.L | Subcortical | 0.000 | 0.207 (0.079) | 0.139(0.059) |
37 | Hippocampus_L | HIP.L | Subcortical | 0.000 | 0.247 (0.071) | 0.203 (0.058) |
38 | Hippocampus_R | HIP.R | Subcortical | 0.000 | 0.254 (0.070) | 0.212 (0.054) |
39 | Parahippocampal_L | PHG.L | Subcortical | 0.000 | 0.270 (0.065) | 0.221 (0.049) |
40 | Parahippocampal_R | PHG.R | Subcortical | 0.004 | 0.274 (0.065) | 0.236 (0.054) |
41 | Amygdala_L | AMYG.L | Subcortical | 0.000 | 0.230 (0.076) | 0.172 (0.057) |
42 | Amygdala_R | AMYG.R | Subcortical | 0.000 | 0.240 (0.064) | 0.169 (0.060) |
73 | Putamen_L | PUT.L | Subcortical | 0.033 | 0.249 (0.073) | 0.219 (0.062) |
75 | Pallidum_L | PAL.L | Subcortical | 0.000 | 0.223 (0.073) | 0.168 (0.059) |
76 | Pallidum_R | PAL.R | Subcortical | 0.002 | 0.213 (0.073) | 0.170 (0.058) |
77 | Thalamus_L | THA.L | Subcortical | 0.000 | 0.254 (0.068) | 0.199 (0.067) |
78 | Thalamus_R | THA.R | Subcortical | 0.002 | 0.245 (0.073) | 0.201 (0.063) |
87 | Temporal_Pole_Mid_L | TPOmid.L | Subcortical | 0.000 | 0.216 (0.064) | 0.160 (0.061) |
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Wei, J.; Wang, X.; Cui, X.; Wang, B.; Xue, J.; Niu, Y.; Wang, Q.; Osmani, A.; Xiang, J. Functional Integration and Segregation in a Multilayer Network Model of Patients with Schizophrenia. Brain Sci. 2022, 12, 368. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12030368
Wei J, Wang X, Cui X, Wang B, Xue J, Niu Y, Wang Q, Osmani A, Xiang J. Functional Integration and Segregation in a Multilayer Network Model of Patients with Schizophrenia. Brain Sciences. 2022; 12(3):368. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12030368
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei, Jing, Xiaoyue Wang, Xiaohong Cui, Bin Wang, Jiayue Xue, Yan Niu, Qianshan Wang, Arezo Osmani, and Jie Xiang. 2022. "Functional Integration and Segregation in a Multilayer Network Model of Patients with Schizophrenia" Brain Sciences 12, no. 3: 368. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12030368