Glucose to Platelet Ratio: A Potential Predictor of Hemorrhagic Transformation in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Enrolled Patients
3.2. Characteristics of HI and PH Patients
3.3. Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis of the Association between Variables and the HT Risk
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Non-HT (n = 1282) | HT (n = 643) | Statistic | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), Mean ± SD | 69.64 ± 11.85 | 69.57 ± 11.9 | 0.114 | 0.909 |
Gender, n (%) | 0.06 | 0.806 | ||
Male | 858 (66.93) | 426 (66.25) | ||
Female | 424 (33.07) | 217 (33.75) | ||
BMI (kg/m2), Mean ± SD | 23.72 ± 2.59 | 24.36 ± 7.57 | −2.061 | 0.04 |
Drinking, n (%) | 393 (30.66) | 216 (33.59) | 1.575 | 0.209 |
Smoking, n (%) | 467 (36.43) | 257 (39.97) | 2.14 | 0.143 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 919 (71.68) | 416 (64.7) | 9.512 | 0.002 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 360 (28.08) | 191 (29.7) | 0.476 | 0.49 |
AF, n (%) | 209 (16.3) | 266 (41.37) | 143.41 | <0.001 |
NIHSS, Median (Q1, Q3) | 2 (1, 6) | 3 (1, 8) | 338,743.5 | <0.001 |
Time interval a (days), Median (Q1, Q3) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 1.409 | 0.159 |
Time interval b (days), Median (Q1, Q3) | 5 (3–7) | 7 (5–11) | 11.874 | <0.001 |
TOAST classification, n (%) | 129.742 | <0.001 | ||
Large artery atherosclerosis | 449 (35.02) | 184 (28.62) | ||
Small vessel occlusion | 47 (3.67) | 16 (2.49) | ||
Cardioembolism | 204 (15.91) | 251 (39.04) | ||
Other | 582 (45.4) | 192 (29.86) | ||
Infarct location, n (%) | 448.145 | <0.001 | ||
Lobar | 174 (13.57) | 158 (24.57) | ||
Subcortical | 570 (44.46) | 43 (6.69) | ||
Brainstem | 164 (12.79) | 6 (0.93) | ||
Cerebellum | 25 (1.95) | 50 (7.78) | ||
Mixed type | 349 (27.22) | 386 (60.03) | ||
Drugs, n (%) | 161.61 | <0.001 | ||
None | 101 (7.88) | 146 (22.71) | ||
Antiplatelet | 952 (74.26) | 309 (48.06) | ||
Anticoagulant | 75 (5.85) | 98 (15.24) | ||
Antiplatelet + Anticoagulant | 154 (12.01) | 90 (14) | ||
Statin, n (%) | 1202 (93.76) | 522 (81.18) | 71.106 | <0.001 |
Creatinine (umol/L), Mean ± SD | 81.29 ± 61.23 | 79.21 ± 55.09 | 0.751 | 0.453 |
PT, Median (Q1, Q3) | 13.8 (13.2, 14.3) | 13.9 (13.3, 14.3) | 393,247 | 0.1 |
INR, Median (Q1, Q3) | 1.07 (1.01, 1.12) | 1.08 (1.02, 1.11) | 397,520 | 0.202 |
Glucose (mmol/L), Mean ± SD | 6.17 ± 2.61 | 7.03 ± 3.26 | −5.806 | <0.001 |
Platelet (109/L), Mean ± SD | 215.09 ± 68.66 | 200.52 ± 62.57 | 4.663 | <0.001 |
G/P, Mean ± SD | 0.03 ± 0.02 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | −7.338 | <0.001 |
Variables | Non-HT (n = 1282) | HI (n = 426) | PH (n = 217) | Statistic | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), Mean ± SD | 69.64 ± 11.85 | 69.13 ± 11.98 | 70.45 ± 11.72 | 0.893 | 0.409 |
Gender, n (%) | 2.211 | 0.331 | |||
Male | 858 (66.93) | 274 (64.32) | 152 (70.05) | ||
Female | 424 (33.07) | 152 (35.68) | 65 (29.95) | ||
BMI (kg/m2), Mean ± SD | 23.72 ± 2.59 | 24.63 ± 9.18 | 23.82 ± 2.03 | 5.608 | 0.004 |
Drinking, n (%) | 393 (30.66) | 136 (31.92) | 80 (36.87) | 3.331 | 0.189 |
Smoking, n (%) | 467 (36.43) | 165 (38.73) | 92 (42.4) | 3.111 | 0.211 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 919 (71.68) | 280 (65.73) | 136 (62.67) | 10.469 | 0.005 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 360 (28.08) | 144 (33.8) | 47 (21.66) | 10.93 | 0.004 |
AF, n (%) | 209 (16.3) | 167 (39.2) | 99 (45.62) | 147.944 | <0.001 |
NIHSS, Median (Q1, Q3) | 2 (1, 6) | 3 (1, 8) | 4 (2, 8) | 47.214 | <0.001 |
Time interval a (days), Median (Q1, Q3) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–1) | 2.514 | 0.284 |
Time interval b (days), Median (Q1, Q3) | 5 (3–7) | 7 (5–11) | 7 (5–12) | 141.13 | <0.001 |
TOAST classification, n (%) | 143.875 | <0.001 | |||
Large artery atherosclerosis | 449 (35.02) | 135 (31.69) | 49 (22.58) | ||
Small vessel occlusion | 47 (3.67) | 10 (2.53) | 6 (2.76) | ||
Cardioembolism | 204 (15.91) | 148 (34.74) | 103 (47.47) | ||
Other | 582 (45.4) | 133 (31.22) | 49 (22.58) | ||
Infarct location, n (%) | 451.211 | <0.001 | |||
Lobar | 174 (13.57) | 111 (26.06) | 47 (21.66) | ||
Subcortical | 570 (44.46) | 31 (7.28) | 12 (5.53) | ||
Brainstem | 164 (12.79) | 4 (0.94) | 2 (0.92) | ||
Cerebellum | 25 (1.95) | 32 (7.51) | 18 (8.29) | ||
Mixed type | 349 (27.22) | 248 (58.22) | 138 (63.59) | ||
Drugs, n (%) | 188.508 | <0.001 | |||
None | 101 (7.88) | 76 (17.84) | 70 (32.26) | ||
Antiplatelet | 952 (74.26) | 222 (52.11) | 87 (40.09) | ||
Anticoagulant | 75 (5.85) | 67 (15.73) | 31 (14.29) | ||
Antiplatelet + Anticoagulant | 154 (12.01) | 61 (14.32) | 29 (13.36) | ||
Statin, n (%) | 1202 (93.76) | 357 (83.8) | 165 (76.04) | 81.717 | <0.001 |
Creatinine (umol/L), Mean ± SD | 81.29 ± 61.23 | 80.38 ± 65.64 | 76.91 ± 23.13 | 0.509 | 0.601 |
PT, Median (Q1, Q3) | 13.8 (13.2, 14.3) | 13.9 (13.3, 14.3) | 13.97 (13.4, 14.3) | 4.285 | 0.117 |
INR, Median (Q1, Q3) | 1.07 (1.01, 1.12) | 1.08 (1.02, 1.11) | 1.08 (1.02, 1.11) | 2.204 | 0.332 |
Glucose (mmol/L), Mean ± SD | 6.17 ± 2.61 | 7.13 ± 3.37 | 6.84 ± 3.04 | 20.203 | <0.001 |
Platelet (109/L), Mean ± SD | 215.09 ± 68.66 | 202.11 ± 63.8 | 197.4 ± 60.13 | 10.58 | <0.001 |
G/P, Mean ± SD | 0.03 ± 0.02 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 30.251 | <0.001 |
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Chen, L.; Chen, N.; Lin, Y.; Ren, H.; Huang, Q.; Jiang, X.; Zhou, X.; Pan, R.; Ren, W. Glucose to Platelet Ratio: A Potential Predictor of Hemorrhagic Transformation in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. Brain Sci. 2022, 12, 1170. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12091170
Chen L, Chen N, Lin Y, Ren H, Huang Q, Jiang X, Zhou X, Pan R, Ren W. Glucose to Platelet Ratio: A Potential Predictor of Hemorrhagic Transformation in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. Brain Sciences. 2022; 12(9):1170. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12091170
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Lingli, Nan Chen, Yisi Lin, Huanzeng Ren, Qiqi Huang, Xiuzhen Jiang, Xiahui Zhou, Rongrong Pan, and Wenwei Ren. 2022. "Glucose to Platelet Ratio: A Potential Predictor of Hemorrhagic Transformation in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke" Brain Sciences 12, no. 9: 1170. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12091170