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Volume 13
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10.3390/brainsci13020164
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Article

Targeting the Tumor Immune Microenvironment Could Become a Potential Therapeutic Modality for Aggressive Pituitary Adenoma

by
Zuocheng Yang
1,†,
Xuemei Tian
2,†,
Kun Yao
3,
Yakun Yang
4,
Linpeng Zhang
4,
Ning Liu
4,
Changxiang Yan
4,
Xueling Qi
3,* and
Song Han
4,*
1
Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
2
Department of Nursing, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
3
Department of Pathology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
4
Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Brain Sci. 2023, 13(2), 164; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020164
Submission received: 14 November 2022 / Revised: 14 December 2022 / Accepted: 3 January 2023 / Published: 18 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Neuro-oncology)
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Abstract

Object: This study aimed to explore the relationship between the aggressiveness and immune cell infiltration in pituitary adenoma (PA) and to provide the basis for immuno-targeting therapies. Methods: One hundred and three patients with PA who underwent surgery at a single institution were retrospectively identified. The infiltration of macrophages and T-lymphocytes was quantitatively assessed. Results: The number of CD68+ macrophages was positively correlated with Knosp (p = 0.003) and MMP-9 expression grades (p = 0.00). The infiltration of CD163+ macrophages differed among Knosp (p = 0.022) and MMP-9 grades (p = 0.04). CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were also positively associated with Knosp (p = 0.002) and MMP-9 grades (p = 0.01). Interestingly, MGMT expression was positively correlated with MMP-9 staining extent (p = 0.000). The quantities of CD8+ TILs (p = 0.016), CD68+ macrophages (p = 0.000), and CD163+ macrophages (p = 0.043) were negatively associated with MGMT expression levels. The number of CD68+ macrophages in the PD-L1 negative group was significantly more than that in the PD-L1 positive group (p = 0.01). The rate of PD-L1 positivity was positively correlated with the Ki-67 index (p = 0.046) and p53 expression (p = 0.029). Conclusion: Targeted therapy for macrophages and CD8+ TILs could be a helpful treatment in the future for aggressive PA. Anti-PD-L1 therapy may better respond to PAs with higher Ki-67 and p53 expression and more infiltrating CD68+ macrophages. Multiple treatment modalities, especially combined with immunotherapy could become a novel therapeutic strategy for aggressive PA.
Keywords: aggressive pituitary adenoma; macrophage; CD8+ TILs; immune microenvironment; combined immunotherapy; temozolomide aggressive pituitary adenoma; macrophage; CD8+ TILs; immune microenvironment; combined immunotherapy; temozolomide

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yang, Z.; Tian, X.; Yao, K.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, L.; Liu, N.; Yan, C.; Qi, X.; Han, S. Targeting the Tumor Immune Microenvironment Could Become a Potential Therapeutic Modality for Aggressive Pituitary Adenoma. Brain Sci. 2023, 13, 164. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020164

AMA Style

Yang Z, Tian X, Yao K, Yang Y, Zhang L, Liu N, Yan C, Qi X, Han S. Targeting the Tumor Immune Microenvironment Could Become a Potential Therapeutic Modality for Aggressive Pituitary Adenoma. Brain Sciences. 2023; 13(2):164. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020164

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yang, Zuocheng, Xuemei Tian, Kun Yao, Yakun Yang, Linpeng Zhang, Ning Liu, Changxiang Yan, Xueling Qi, and Song Han. 2023. "Targeting the Tumor Immune Microenvironment Could Become a Potential Therapeutic Modality for Aggressive Pituitary Adenoma" Brain Sciences 13, no. 2: 164. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020164

APA Style

Yang, Z., Tian, X., Yao, K., Yang, Y., Zhang, L., Liu, N., Yan, C., Qi, X., & Han, S. (2023). Targeting the Tumor Immune Microenvironment Could Become a Potential Therapeutic Modality for Aggressive Pituitary Adenoma. Brain Sciences, 13(2), 164. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020164

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