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Volume 13
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Article

Persistent Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Suicidality in Referred Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study Exploring the Role of Cyclothymic Temperament

by
Gabriele Masi
1,†,
Simone Pisano
2,*,†,
Gianluca Sesso
1,3,
Cristina Mazzullo
1,
Stefano Berloffa
1,
Pamela Fantozzi
1,
Antonio Narzisi
1,
Francesca Placini
1,
Elena Valente
1,
Valentina Viglione
1 and
Annarita Milone
1
1
IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, 56128 Calambrone, Italy
2
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
3
Social and Affective Neuroscience Group, Molecular Mind Laboratory, IMT School for Advanced Studies, 55100 Lucca, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Brain Sci. 2023, 13(5), 755; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13050755
Submission received: 4 March 2023 / Revised: 16 April 2023 / Accepted: 20 April 2023 / Published: 3 May 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical and Biological Correlates of Emotional Dysregulation in Children and Adolescents: A Transdiagnostic Approach to Developmental Psychopathology)
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Abstract

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is deliberate harm to the body surface without suicidal intent, though it may be a predictor of suicide attempts. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that persisting and recovering NSSI may have a different longitudinal risk for suicidal ideation and behavior and that the intensity of Cyclothymic Hypersensitive Temperament (CHT) may increase this risk. Fifty-five patients (mean age 14.64 ± 1.77 years) referred for mood disorders according to the DSM-5 were consecutively recruited and followed-up for a mean of 19.79 ± 11.67 months and grouped according to the presence/absence of NSSI at baseline and follow-up into three groups: without NSSI (non-NSSI; n = 22), with NSSI recovered at follow-up (past-NSSI; n = 19), and with persistent NSSI at follow-up (pers-NSSI; n = 14). At follow-up, both NSSI groups were more severely impaired and failed to improve internalizing problems and dysregulation symptoms. Both NSSI groups reported higher scores in suicidal ideation compared to non-NSSI, but only pers-NSSI presented higher scores in suicidal behavior. CHT was higher in pers-NSSI, followed by past-NSSI and then by non-NSSI. Our data support a continuity between NSSI and suicidality, and they suggest the prognostic validity of persistent NSSI, associated with highest CHT scores.
Keywords: non-suicidal self-injury; suicidality; mood disorders; cyclothymia; adolescents non-suicidal self-injury; suicidality; mood disorders; cyclothymia; adolescents

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MDPI and ACS Style

Masi, G.; Pisano, S.; Sesso, G.; Mazzullo, C.; Berloffa, S.; Fantozzi, P.; Narzisi, A.; Placini, F.; Valente, E.; Viglione, V.; et al. Persistent Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Suicidality in Referred Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study Exploring the Role of Cyclothymic Temperament. Brain Sci. 2023, 13, 755. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13050755

AMA Style

Masi G, Pisano S, Sesso G, Mazzullo C, Berloffa S, Fantozzi P, Narzisi A, Placini F, Valente E, Viglione V, et al. Persistent Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Suicidality in Referred Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study Exploring the Role of Cyclothymic Temperament. Brain Sciences. 2023; 13(5):755. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13050755

Chicago/Turabian Style

Masi, Gabriele, Simone Pisano, Gianluca Sesso, Cristina Mazzullo, Stefano Berloffa, Pamela Fantozzi, Antonio Narzisi, Francesca Placini, Elena Valente, Valentina Viglione, and et al. 2023. "Persistent Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Suicidality in Referred Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study Exploring the Role of Cyclothymic Temperament" Brain Sciences 13, no. 5: 755. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13050755

APA Style

Masi, G., Pisano, S., Sesso, G., Mazzullo, C., Berloffa, S., Fantozzi, P., Narzisi, A., Placini, F., Valente, E., Viglione, V., & Milone, A. (2023). Persistent Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Suicidality in Referred Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study Exploring the Role of Cyclothymic Temperament. Brain Sciences, 13(5), 755. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13050755

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