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Volume 14
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Review

Understanding the Neurotrophic Virus Mechanisms and Their Potential Effect on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Development

by
Felipe R. Uribe
1,
Valentina P. I. González
1,
Alexis M. Kalergis
2,3,
Jorge A. Soto
1,* and
Karen Bohmwald
4,*
1
Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Laboratorio de Inmunología Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
2
Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile
3
Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
4
Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma, Santiago 8910060, Chile
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Brain Sci. 2024, 14(1), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14010059
Submission received: 7 November 2023 / Revised: 24 December 2023 / Accepted: 3 January 2024 / Published: 6 January 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Responses to Viruses in the Central Nervous System)
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Abstract

Central nervous system (CNS) pathologies are a public health concern, with viral infections one of their principal causes. These viruses are known as neurotropic pathogens, characterized by their ability to infiltrate the CNS and thus interact with various cell populations, inducing several diseases. The immune response elicited by neurotropic viruses in the CNS is commanded mainly by microglia, which, together with other local cells, can secrete inflammatory cytokines to fight the infection. The most relevant neurotropic viruses are adenovirus (AdV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), enterovirus (EV), Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), and the newly discovered SARS-CoV-2. Several studies have associated a viral infection with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) manifestations. This article will review the knowledge about viral infections, CNS pathologies, and the immune response against them. Also, it allows us to understand the relevance of the different viral proteins in developing neuronal pathologies, SLE and NPSLE.
Keywords: neurotropic viruses; central nervous system; aseptic meningitis; encephalitis; immune system; systemic lupus erythematosus neurotropic viruses; central nervous system; aseptic meningitis; encephalitis; immune system; systemic lupus erythematosus
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MDPI and ACS Style

Uribe, F.R.; González, V.P.I.; Kalergis, A.M.; Soto, J.A.; Bohmwald, K. Understanding the Neurotrophic Virus Mechanisms and Their Potential Effect on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Development. Brain Sci. 2024, 14, 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14010059

AMA Style

Uribe FR, González VPI, Kalergis AM, Soto JA, Bohmwald K. Understanding the Neurotrophic Virus Mechanisms and Their Potential Effect on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Development. Brain Sciences. 2024; 14(1):59. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14010059

Chicago/Turabian Style

Uribe, Felipe R., Valentina P. I. González, Alexis M. Kalergis, Jorge A. Soto, and Karen Bohmwald. 2024. "Understanding the Neurotrophic Virus Mechanisms and Their Potential Effect on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Development" Brain Sciences 14, no. 1: 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14010059

APA Style

Uribe, F. R., González, V. P. I., Kalergis, A. M., Soto, J. A., & Bohmwald, K. (2024). Understanding the Neurotrophic Virus Mechanisms and Their Potential Effect on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Development. Brain Sciences, 14(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14010059

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