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Volume 14
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Impact of Serial Casting on Autonomic Nervous System Responses during Virtual Reality Tasks in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study Comparing Orthoses and Barefoot Conditions

by
Marisa de Paula Paro
1,2,3,
Raísa Marques de Sousa
1,2,3,
Juliana Perez Martinez
2,
Amanda Orasmo Simcsik
2,4,
Marina Junqueira Airoldi
3,
Rodrigo Martins Dias
1,
Íbis Ariana Peña de Moraes
2,5,
Fernando Henrique Magalhães
2,6,*,
Carlos Bandeira de Mello Monteiro
2,4 and
Talita Dias daSilva-Magalhães
1,4,7
1
Graduate Program in Medicine (Cardiology), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil
2
Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, School of Arts, Science and Humanities of University of São Paulo (EACH-USP), São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil
3
Therapies Centro de Reabilitação Intensiva, Campinas13098-324, Brazil
4
Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
5
Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares 36036-900, Brazil
6
Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FCT/UNESP), State University of São Paulo, Presidente Prudente 14884-900, Brazil
7
Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University Brazil, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Brain Sci. 2024, 14(10), 1000; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14101000
Submission received: 16 August 2024 / Revised: 26 September 2024 / Accepted: 28 September 2024 / Published: 30 September 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insight in the Application of Rehabilitation Devices in Neurological Disease)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of movement disorders that impair posture and mobility, often leading to spasticity and joint contractures. Interventions like serial casting are commonly used to improve joint mobility and manage spasticity in children with CP. However, its effects on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of serial casting and ankle–foot orthoses (AFOs) on ANS responses during a virtual reality (VR) standing task, comparing these interventions with a barefoot condition. Thirty children with CP were randomized into three groups (n = 10 per group): serial casting, AFOs, and barefoot. Heart rate variability (HRV) was used to assess ANS responses across three phases: seated rest, VR task, and recovery. The results showed that the serial casting group exhibited higher sympathetic activity during rest compared to the other groups, but had a reduced sympathetic response during the VR task. Additionally, the serial casting group displayed a more pronounced parasympathetic rebound during recovery, similar to the orthoses and barefoot groups. While serial casting provides essential joint stability, it alters ANS response patterns, leading to heightened sympathetic activation at rest, without providing significant improvements in ANS behavior during physical activity.
Keywords: cerebral palsy; plaster cast; autonomic nervous system; heart rate; virtual reality cerebral palsy; plaster cast; autonomic nervous system; heart rate; virtual reality

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MDPI and ACS Style

de Paula Paro, M.; de Sousa, R.M.; Martinez, J.P.; Simcsik, A.O.; Airoldi, M.J.; Dias, R.M.; de Moraes, Í.A.P.; Magalhães, F.H.; de Mello Monteiro, C.B.; daSilva-Magalhães, T.D. Impact of Serial Casting on Autonomic Nervous System Responses during Virtual Reality Tasks in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study Comparing Orthoses and Barefoot Conditions. Brain Sci. 2024, 14, 1000. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14101000

AMA Style

de Paula Paro M, de Sousa RM, Martinez JP, Simcsik AO, Airoldi MJ, Dias RM, de Moraes ÍAP, Magalhães FH, de Mello Monteiro CB, daSilva-Magalhães TD. Impact of Serial Casting on Autonomic Nervous System Responses during Virtual Reality Tasks in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study Comparing Orthoses and Barefoot Conditions. Brain Sciences. 2024; 14(10):1000. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14101000

Chicago/Turabian Style

de Paula Paro, Marisa, Raísa Marques de Sousa, Juliana Perez Martinez, Amanda Orasmo Simcsik, Marina Junqueira Airoldi, Rodrigo Martins Dias, Íbis Ariana Peña de Moraes, Fernando Henrique Magalhães, Carlos Bandeira de Mello Monteiro, and Talita Dias daSilva-Magalhães. 2024. "Impact of Serial Casting on Autonomic Nervous System Responses during Virtual Reality Tasks in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study Comparing Orthoses and Barefoot Conditions" Brain Sciences 14, no. 10: 1000. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14101000

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