High Dietary Histamine Induces Digestive Tract Oxidative Damage in Juvenile Striped Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Diets Preparation
2.2. Animal and Feeding Trial
2.3. Sample Collection
2.4. Gastrointestinal Tract Histomorphological Observation
2.5. Intestinal Biochemical Parameters Analysis
2.6. Real-Time Quantitative PCR
2.7. Intestinal Microbiome Analysis
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Growth Performance and Morphologic Indexes
3.2. Intestinal Antioxidant Capacity
3.3. Intestinal Immune Status
3.4. Intestinal Inflammatory Response
3.5. Gastric SEM and Intestinal TEM Observations
3.6. Microbiota Structure
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Manufacturer | Product Name | Production Date | Test Date | Crude Protein (%) | Crude Lipid (%) | Histamine (mg/kg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CPP | 783-③ | 2021/3/25 | 2021/8/5 | 26.60 | 6.98 | 58.60 |
CPP | 781-② | 2021/4/16 | 2022/2/7 | 32.56 | 8.02 | 89.00 |
CPP | 781 | 2021/7/9 | 2022/2/7 | 33.72 | 7.60 | 40.00 |
Evergreen | 102-3 | 2021/11/21 | 2022/2/7 | 32.80 | 8.20 | 107.00 |
Evergreen | 102-3 | 2021/6/24 | 2022/2/7 | 32.56 | 7.09 | 40.90 |
Foshan Baiyang | BC-3 | 2020/11/30 | 2021/5/27 | 29.08 | 6.37 | 53.80 |
GLOBAL | SAFIR-3 | 2021/6/11 | 2022/2/7 | 31.29 | 8.34 | 44.60 |
Indonesia Evergreen | 104-3 | 2021/3/29 | 2021/8/5 | 23.04 | 8.72 | 50.00 |
Indonesia Evergreen | 104-2 | 2021/6/19 | 2021/8/5 | 23.89 | 8.69 | 60.90 |
Indonesia Tongwei | 168 | 2021/2/6 | 2021/8/5 | 32.03 | 7.92 | 67.80 |
Jiangmen Coral | 3662 | 2021/1/25 | 2021/5/10 | 34.10 | 8.34 | 177.00 |
PT. CJ | AT-3 | 2021/3/28 | 2021/8/5 | 15.80 | 7.12 | 55.80 |
PT. SURITANI PEMUKA | SPM 4A | 2021/4/5 | 2021/8/5 | 25.92 | 5.98 | 51.00 |
STP | LA 7K | 2021/8/1 | 2022/2/7 | 29.69 | 7.21 | 33.70 |
Tongwei | 8505 | 2021/7/18 | 2022/2/7 | 34.44 | 9.54 | 121.00 |
Yangjiang Dahai | 3664 | 2020/9/27 | 2021/5/10 | 29.39 | 5.66 | 54.20 |
Yangjiang Dahai | 3663 | 2021/8/2 | 2021/8/16 | 28.92 | 5.58 | 54.50 |
Yangjiang Dahai | 3664 | 2021/9/3 | 2021/11/12 | 29.20 | 5.33 | 99.50 |
Yangjiang Dahai | 3664 | 2021/9/4 | 2021/11/12 | 28.32 | 5.32 | 112.00 |
Yangjiang Dahai | 4411 | 2021/10/10 | 2021/11/25 | 30.46 | 5.88 | 104.00 |
Zhanjiang Yuehua | 3663 | 2021/5/9 | 2021/5/27 | 32.44 | 5.30 | 56.40 |
Zhanjiang Yuehua | 3663 | 2021/5/29 | 2021/7/23 | 34.38 | 6.28 | 81.50 |
Ingredients | H0 | H15 | H30 | H60 | H120 | H240 | H480 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
White fish meal | 150.00 | 150.00 | 150.00 | 150.00 | 150.00 | 150.00 | 150.00 |
Rapeseed meal | 200.00 | 200.00 | 200.00 | 200.00 | 200.00 | 200.00 | 200.00 |
Soybean meal | 200.00 | 200.00 | 200.00 | 200.00 | 200.00 | 200.00 | 200.00 |
Wheat flour | 150.00 | 150.00 | 150.00 | 150.00 | 150.00 | 150.00 | 150.00 |
Rice bran meal | 252.99 | 252.99 | 252.99 | 252.99 | 252.99 | 252.99 | 252.99 |
Soybean oil | 20.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 |
Ca(H2PO4)2 | 12.00 | 12.00 | 12.00 | 12.00 | 12.00 | 12.00 | 12.00 |
Choline chloride (50%) | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 |
Vitamin C | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
Compound premix a | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
Histamine dihydrochloride | 0.00 | 0.025 | 0.050 | 0.101 | 0.203 | 0.406 | 0.811 |
Cellulose microcrystalline | 0.81 | 0.785 | 0.760 | 0.709 | 0.607 | 0.404 | 0.00 |
Proximate composition b (dry matter, g/kg) | |||||||
Moisture | 104.76 | 109.79 | 105.13 | 104.49 | 105.47 | 97.18 | 105.76 |
Crude protein | 338.00 | 342.94 | 342.44 | 338.50 | 347.50 | 353.81 | 348.88 |
Crude lipid | 106.52 | 104.61 | 103.88 | 109.84 | 107.33 | 105.23 | 104.36 |
Ash | 104.48 | 107.76 | 101.83 | 103.91 | 98.99 | 96.99 | 101.63 |
Gross energy (MJ/kg) c | 18.33 | 18.18 | 18.34 | 18.42 | 18.50 | 18.67 | 18.39 |
Histamine (mg/kg) | 8.47 | 23.60 | 38.59 | 68.49 | 128.71 | 248.87 | 488.75 |
Target Gene | Primer Sequence | Product Size | Accession No. |
---|---|---|---|
TNF-α | F-TGTCTCGCTGGTCTGACTCCTATG R-CAGTGGGTTTGTTGCTCTTCAAGTG | 97 | XM_026942329.2 |
IL-10 | F-TCTACTTGGAGACCGTGTTGCCTAG R-GATGGTGTCGATGGGAGTTCTGAAG | 80 | XM_026935649.2 |
IL-6 | F-GACTGCGGGTCTGAGAGTTTACTTC R-GCAACACTGGGTCTGATCTGTCTG | 142 | XM_026922014.2 |
IL-8 | F-GCTTAGGGAGGTGAGGGCTGAG R-TAGGTGTGGAGGTGGATGTGGTAAG | 112 | XM_027138229.2 |
IL-1β | F-TTCTTCAGAAACGGCACTGGTGAC R-GGAGGTGACTGGATTGCTGCTTAC | 130 | NM_001200219 |
β-actin | F-GGCTACTCCTTCACCACCACA R-ATTGAGTCGGCGTGAAGTGGTAAC | 100 | XM_026929614.2 |
Items | H0 | H15 | H30 | H60 | H120 | H240 | H480 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IBW (g) | 31.45 ± 0.01 | 31.40 ± 0.08 | 31.35 ± 0.03 | 31.32 ± 0.02 | 31.33 ± 0.04 | 31.36 ± 0.14 | 31.43 ± 0.12 |
FBW (g) | 106.56 ± 1.80 b | 107.68 ± 2.86 b | 105.25 ± 1.60 b | 105.00 ± 5.67 b | 102.87 ± 2.21 ab | 96.8 ± 5.69 a | 96.31 ± 2.90 a |
WGR (%) | 2.39 ± 0.06 c | 2.43 ± 0.08 c | 2.36 ± 0.05 c | 2.31 ± 0.12 bc | 2.28 ± 0.08 abc | 2.09 ± 0.19 ab | 2.07 ± 0.08 a |
FCR (%) | 1.27 ± 0.05 a | 1.26 ± 0.04 a | 1.30 ± 0.03 a | 1.33 ± 0.02 ab | 1.34 ± 0.04 ab | 1.48 ± 0.12 bc | 1.43 ± 0.06 c |
SGR (%/day) | 2.18 ± 0.05 b | 2.20 ± 0.04 b | 2.16 ± 0.03 b | 2.14 ± 0.02 b | 2.12 ± 0.04 b | 1.99 ± 0.11 a | 2.00 ± 0.04 a |
SR (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
HSI (%) | 1.63 ± 0.08 a | 1.73 ± 0.20 ab | 1.83 ± 0.16 ab | 1.90 ± 0.19 b | 1.91 ± 0.18 b | 1.89 ± 0.18 b | 1.96 ± 0.23 b |
VSI (%) | 11.19 ± 1.44 | 11.35 ± 1.94 | 11.03 ± 1.04 | 10.97 ± 1.67 | 11.41 ± 1.78 | 10.56 ± 1.79 | 10.74 ± 1.72 |
CF (g/cm3) | 1.54 ± 0.05 b | 1.52 ± 0.04 b | 1.52 ± 0.06 b | 1.51 ± 0.06 ab | 1.50 ± 0.08 ab | 1.46 ± 0.10 ab | 1.43 ± 0.05 a |
RIL (%) | 213.43 ± 28.21 b | 197.41 ± 9.7 ab | 195.42 ± 12.97 ab | 189.1 ± 19.91 ab | 183.31 ± 40.77 ab | 172.54 ± 29.43 a | 165.81 ± 29.95 a |
RIW (%) | 1.71 ± 0.34 | 1.75 ± 0.25 | 1.91 ± 0.31 | 1.88 ± 0.31 | 1.74 ± 0.32 | 1.66 ± 0.28 | 1.64 ± 0.28 |
Items | H0 | H15 | H30 | H60 | H120 | H240 | H480 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T-AOC (U/mg prot) | 0.80 ± 0.10 b | 0.76 ± 0.02 b | 0.77 ± 0.03 b | 0.78 ± 0.04 b | 0.60 ± 0.06 a | 0.58 ± 0.03 a | 0.53 ± 0.04 a |
POD (U/g prot) | 54.22 ± 13.01 b | 50.69 ± 10.81 b | 45.06 ± 9.33 ab | 44.94 ± 7.64 ab | 41.12 ± 9.17 ab | 39.78 ± 5.97 ab | 32.84 ± 9.80 a |
CAT (U/g prot) | 12.28 ± 1.19 b | 10.44 ± 0.36 ab | 9.62 ± 0.40 a | 9.77 ± 0.06 a | 9.56 ± 0.46 a | 8.32 ± 1.24 a | 8.05 ± 1.20 a |
SOD (U/g prot) | 33.17 ± 1.75 b | 28.74 ± 2.13 ab | 31.29 ± 2.27 ab | 26.52 ± 5.91 ab | 26.12 ± 2.28 ab | 23.45 ± 4.24 ab | 18.84 ± 1.84 a |
GPX (U/g prot) | 29.17 ± 2.44 c | 27.67 ± 5.00 bc | 25.73 ± 2.07 bc | 24.94 ± 2.47 bc | 22.20 ± 1.97 ab | 18.31 ± 3.54 a | 17.62 ± 6.23 a |
GR (U/g prot) | 24.79 ± 2.72 b | 23.16 ± 5.13 b | 22.40 ± 2.59 b | 22.32 ± 2.51 b | 19.81 ± 3.04 b | 13.94 ± 2.23 a | 14.07 ± 2.13 a |
MDA (nmol/mg prot) | 1.13 ± 0.65 a | 1.44 ± 0.35 a | 1.58 ± 0.32 a | 1.71 ± 0.64 a | 2.47 ± 0.39 ab | 2.57 ± 0.87 ab | 3.57 ± 1.40 b |
Items | H0 | H15 | H30 | H60 | H120 | H240 | H480 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LZM (U/g prot) | 1.55 ± 0.25 | 1.44 ± 0.10 | 1.57 ± 0.12 | 1.86 ± 0.05 | 1.91 ± 0.48 | 2.10 ± 0.25 | 2.04 ± 0.31 |
C3 (mg/g prot) | 20.37 ± 2.21 b | 16.28 ± 4.40 ab | 15.14 ± 5.21 ab | 14.28 ± 3.93 ab | 15.53 ± 2.33 ab | 12.66 ± 1.89 a | 11.48 ± 1.01 a |
C4 (mg/g prot) | 77.78 ± 4.90 c | 66.44 ± 2.76 bc | 54.89 ± 7.44 ab | 51.08 ± 1.69 ab | 45.95 ± 12.71 a | 43.78 ± 4.66 a | 39.81 ± 2.79 a |
IgM (mg/g prot) | 15.21 ± 1.80 b | 13.93 ± 1.56 ab | 13.99 ± 3.35 ab | 10.82 ± 1.85 a | 10.13 ± 0.67 a | 10.47 ± 1.24 a | 9.57 ± 0.04 a |
LPS (ng/mg prot) | 0.69 ± 0.14 a | 0.84 ± 0.13 ab | 0.95 ± 0.01 bc | 1.18 ± 0.02 c | 1.12 ± 0.17 c | 1.15 ± 0.05 c | 1.11 ± 0.09 c |
Items | H0 | H15 | H30 | H60 | H120 | H240 | H480 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Goods coverage | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
Shannon | 4.69 ± 0.21 | 4.35 ± 0.19 | 4.65 ± 0.11 | 4.29 ± 0.25 | 4.38 ± 0.15 | 4.64 ± 0.58 | 5.28 ± 0.09 |
Simpson | 0.92 ± 0.01 | 0.88 ± 0.01 | 0.91 ± 0.03 | 0.89 ± 0.03 | 0.89 ± 0.00 | 0.89 ± 0.06 | 0.94 ± 0.02 |
Chao1 | 462.84 ± 112.71 | 503.1 ± 51.95 | 532.33 ± 42.14 | 511.99 ± 111.15 | 492.98 ± 19.82 | 531.99 ± 33.7 | 472.69 ± 17.32 |
Ace | 467.86 ± 121.96 | 507.63 ± 54.8 | 537.84 ± 46.52 | 507.99 ± 115.19 | 499.28 ± 22.27 | 533.86 ± 30.56 | 465.54 ± 16.79 |
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Liu, Y.; Fu, X.; Huang, H.; Fan, J.; Zhou, H.; Deng, J.; Tan, B. High Dietary Histamine Induces Digestive Tract Oxidative Damage in Juvenile Striped Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Antioxidants 2022, 11, 2276. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112276
Liu Y, Fu X, Huang H, Fan J, Zhou H, Deng J, Tan B. High Dietary Histamine Induces Digestive Tract Oxidative Damage in Juvenile Striped Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Antioxidants. 2022; 11(11):2276. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112276
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Yu, Xinlangji Fu, Huajing Huang, Jiongting Fan, Hang Zhou, Junming Deng, and Beiping Tan. 2022. "High Dietary Histamine Induces Digestive Tract Oxidative Damage in Juvenile Striped Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)" Antioxidants 11, no. 11: 2276. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112276