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Antioxidants
Volume 12
Issue 9
10.3390/antiox12091726
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Article

Antioxidant Capacity of Polar and Non-Polar Extracts of Four African Green Leafy Vegetables and Correlation with Polyphenol and Carotenoid Contents

by
Nelly Fioroni
1,*,
Claire Mouquet-Rivier
1,
Emmanuelle Meudec
2,3,
Véronique Cheynier
2,3,
Frédéric Boudard
1,
Youna Hemery
1 and
Caroline Laurent-Babot
1,*
1
UMR QualiSud, University of Montpellier, Avignon University, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, University of La Réunion, 34090 Montpellier, France
2
SPO, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Institut Agro, 34060 Montpellier, France
3
INRAE, PROBE Research Infrastructure, Polyphenol Analytical Facility, 34060 Montpellier, France
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antioxidants 2023, 12(9), 1726; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12091726
Submission received: 20 July 2023 / Revised: 25 August 2023 / Accepted: 26 August 2023 / Published: 6 September 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Natural and Synthetic Antioxidants)
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Abstract

In sub-Saharan Africa, chronic malnutrition is often associated with intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress. African green leafy vegetables (GLVs), commonly consumed by these populations and rich in bioactive compounds, may improve the antioxidant status. The aim of this study was to measure the antioxidant capacity using complementary assays (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, ORAC and NO scavenging) in polar and non-polar leaf extracts of four African GLVs, cassava (Manihot esculenta), roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), jute mallow (Corchorus olitorius), and amaranth (Amaranthus spp.), with spinach (Spinacia oleracea) chosen as a reference. Their antioxidant capacity was correlated with their total polyphenol (TPC), flavonoid (TFC), condensed tannin, lutein, and β-carotene contents. Identification of phenolic compounds by UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS revealed the presence of three main classes of compound: flavonols, flavones, and hydroxycinnamic acids. Cassava and roselle leaves presented significantly higher TPC and TFC than amaranth, jute mallow, and spinach. They also exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity, even higher than that of spinach, which is known for its important antioxidant effect. The antioxidant capacity was 2 to 18 times higher in polar than non-polar extracts, and was more strongly correlated with TPC and TFC (R > 0.8) than with β-carotene and lutein contents. These findings provide new data especially for cassava and roselle leaves, for which studies are scarce, suggesting an appreciable antioxidant capacity compared with other leafy vegetables.
Keywords: bioactive compounds; flavonoids; β-carotene; lutein; Manihot esculenta; Hibiscus sabdariffa; Corchorus olitorius; Amaranthus spp.; Spinacia oleracea bioactive compounds; flavonoids; β-carotene; lutein; Manihot esculenta; Hibiscus sabdariffa; Corchorus olitorius; Amaranthus spp.; Spinacia oleracea

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MDPI and ACS Style

Fioroni, N.; Mouquet-Rivier, C.; Meudec, E.; Cheynier, V.; Boudard, F.; Hemery, Y.; Laurent-Babot, C. Antioxidant Capacity of Polar and Non-Polar Extracts of Four African Green Leafy Vegetables and Correlation with Polyphenol and Carotenoid Contents. Antioxidants 2023, 12, 1726. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12091726

AMA Style

Fioroni N, Mouquet-Rivier C, Meudec E, Cheynier V, Boudard F, Hemery Y, Laurent-Babot C. Antioxidant Capacity of Polar and Non-Polar Extracts of Four African Green Leafy Vegetables and Correlation with Polyphenol and Carotenoid Contents. Antioxidants. 2023; 12(9):1726. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12091726

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fioroni, Nelly, Claire Mouquet-Rivier, Emmanuelle Meudec, Véronique Cheynier, Frédéric Boudard, Youna Hemery, and Caroline Laurent-Babot. 2023. "Antioxidant Capacity of Polar and Non-Polar Extracts of Four African Green Leafy Vegetables and Correlation with Polyphenol and Carotenoid Contents" Antioxidants 12, no. 9: 1726. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12091726

APA Style

Fioroni, N., Mouquet-Rivier, C., Meudec, E., Cheynier, V., Boudard, F., Hemery, Y., & Laurent-Babot, C. (2023). Antioxidant Capacity of Polar and Non-Polar Extracts of Four African Green Leafy Vegetables and Correlation with Polyphenol and Carotenoid Contents. Antioxidants, 12(9), 1726. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12091726

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