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Article

Antifungal Action of Arabidopsis thaliana TCP21 via Induction of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis

1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
2
LMO Team, National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon 33657, Republic of Korea
3
Division of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
4
Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Daejeon Health Institute of Technology, Daejeon 34504, Republic of Korea
5
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Antioxidants 2023, 12(9), 1767; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12091767
Submission received: 31 August 2023 / Revised: 13 September 2023 / Accepted: 13 September 2023 / Published: 15 September 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Microbial Infections)

Abstract

The realm of antimicrobial proteins in plants is extensive but remains relatively uncharted. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the action of plant antifungal proteins (AFPs) holds promise for antifungal strategies. This study aimed to bridge this knowledge gap by comprehensively screening Arabidopsis thaliana species to identify novel AFPs. Using MALDI-TOF analysis, we identified a member of the TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR1 (TCP) family of transcription factors as a novel AFP, A. thaliana TCP21 (AtTCP21; accession number NP_196450). Bacterially purified recombinant AtTCP21 inhibited the growth of various pathogenic fungal cells. AtTCP21 was more potent than melittin, a well-known AFP, in combating Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Growth inhibition assays against various fungal pathogens and yeasts confirmed the pH-dependent antimicrobial activity of AtTCP21. Without inducing any membrane alterations, AtTCP21 penetrates the fungal cell wall and membrane, where it instigates a repressive milieu for fungal cell growth by generating intracellular reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxides; resulting in morphological changes and apoptosis. Our findings demonstrate the redox-regulating effects of AtTCP21 and point to its potential as an antimicrobial agent.
Keywords: antifungal protein; TCP; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species; apoptosis antifungal protein; TCP; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species; apoptosis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Park, S.-C.; Yoon, A.-M.; Kim, Y.-M.; Lee, M.-Y.; Lee, J.R. Antifungal Action of Arabidopsis thaliana TCP21 via Induction of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. Antioxidants 2023, 12, 1767. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12091767

AMA Style

Park S-C, Yoon A-M, Kim Y-M, Lee M-Y, Lee JR. Antifungal Action of Arabidopsis thaliana TCP21 via Induction of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. Antioxidants. 2023; 12(9):1767. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12091767

Chicago/Turabian Style

Park, Seong-Cheol, A-Mi Yoon, Young-Min Kim, Min-Young Lee, and Jung Ro Lee. 2023. "Antifungal Action of Arabidopsis thaliana TCP21 via Induction of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis" Antioxidants 12, no. 9: 1767. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12091767

APA Style

Park, S.-C., Yoon, A.-M., Kim, Y.-M., Lee, M.-Y., & Lee, J. R. (2023). Antifungal Action of Arabidopsis thaliana TCP21 via Induction of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. Antioxidants, 12(9), 1767. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12091767

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