Associations between Brain Alpha-Tocopherol Stereoisomer Profile and Hallmarks of Brain Aging in Centenarians
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. GCS Decedents, Demographic Data, and Brain Collection
2.2. Brain and Serum Tocopherol Analysis
2.3. Diffuse Plaque, Neuritic Plaque, and Neurofibrillary Tangle Assessment
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Cohort Description
3.2. Temporal Cortex αT and γT and αT Stereoisomer Distribution
3.3. Temporal Cortex Tocopherol and Global Deterioration Scale (GDS)
3.4. Temporal Cortex Tocopherol and Diffuse Plaques, Neuritic Plaques, and Neurofibrillary Tangles
3.5. Temporal Cortex Tocopherols and BMI
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Mean ± SD or Count (%) |
---|---|
Age, in years | 102.2 ± 2.5 |
Sex | |
Male | 5 (11%) |
Female | 42 (89%) |
Race | |
Caucasian | 42 (89%) |
Black | 5 (11%) |
Body mass index, in kg/m2 | 22.1 ± 3.9 |
Education | |
Lower than high school | 23 (51%) |
High school | 12 (27%) |
Higher than high school | 10 (22%) |
No data | 2 |
Residence | |
Community dwelling | 33 (70%) |
Institutionalized | 14 (30%) |
Diabetes | 3 (6%) |
Hypertension | 25 (53%) |
Alcohol status | |
Never | 21 (60%) |
Past | 6 (17%) |
Present | 8 (23%) |
No data | 12 |
Smoking status | |
Never | 30 (86%) |
Past | 4 (11%) |
Present | 1 (3%) |
No data | 12 |
Apo E genotype | |
ε3/ε3 | 32 (68%) |
ε2/ε3 | 7 (15%) |
ε3/ε4 | 7 (15%) |
ε2/ε4 | 1 (2%) |
Global Deterioration Scale | |
1–3 (no dementia) | 23 (49%) |
4–7 (dementia) | 24 (51%) |
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Chan, J.P.; Tanprasertsuk, J.; Johnson, E.J.; Dey, P.; Bruno, R.S.; Johnson, M.A.; Poon, L.W.; Davey, A.; Woodard, J.L.; Kuchan, M.J. Associations between Brain Alpha-Tocopherol Stereoisomer Profile and Hallmarks of Brain Aging in Centenarians. Antioxidants 2024, 13, 997. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13080997
Chan JP, Tanprasertsuk J, Johnson EJ, Dey P, Bruno RS, Johnson MA, Poon LW, Davey A, Woodard JL, Kuchan MJ. Associations between Brain Alpha-Tocopherol Stereoisomer Profile and Hallmarks of Brain Aging in Centenarians. Antioxidants. 2024; 13(8):997. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13080997
Chicago/Turabian StyleChan, Jia Pei, Jirayu Tanprasertsuk, Elizabeth J. Johnson, Priyankar Dey, Richard S. Bruno, Mary Ann Johnson, Leonard W. Poon, Adam Davey, John L. Woodard, and Matthew J. Kuchan. 2024. "Associations between Brain Alpha-Tocopherol Stereoisomer Profile and Hallmarks of Brain Aging in Centenarians" Antioxidants 13, no. 8: 997. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13080997