Goat Milk Supplementation Modulates the Mitochondrial Metabolic Flexibility and Orexin-A Levels Influencing the Inflammatory Pattern in Rats
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals and Chemicals
2.2. Body Composition and Energy Balance
2.3. Mitochondrial Preparation and Analysis
2.4. Evaluation of Inflammatory Markers
2.5. Evaluation of Redox Status
2.6. Evaluation of Orexin-A Serum Concentration
2.7. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Goat Milk Administration Modulates Body Weight Gain with No Changes in Body Composition
3.2. Modulation of Liver and Skeletal Muscle Inflammatory Profile in Goat Milk-Supplemented Rats
3.3. Liver and Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Oxidative Capacity Is Modulated by the Administration of Goat Milk
3.4. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant/Detoxifying Defense Are Improved by Goat Milk in Both Liver and Skeletal Muscle
3.5. Orexin-A Serum Levels Are Strongly Modulated by Goat Milk Treatment
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Food Intake (g/day) | Milk Intake (mL/day) | Food Intake (kj/day) | Milk Intake (kj/day) | Total Intake (kj/day) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 31.08 | // | 493.63 | // | 493.63 |
Goat milk-treated | 25.57 | 21 | 406.11 | 82 | 488.11 |
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Petrella, L.; Polito, R.; Catapano, A.; Santillo, A.; Ciliberti, M.G.; Sevi, A.; Messina, A.; Cavaliere, G.; Marino, F.; Polverino, M.G.; et al. Goat Milk Supplementation Modulates the Mitochondrial Metabolic Flexibility and Orexin-A Levels Influencing the Inflammatory Pattern in Rats. Antioxidants 2024, 13, 1054. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13091054
Petrella L, Polito R, Catapano A, Santillo A, Ciliberti MG, Sevi A, Messina A, Cavaliere G, Marino F, Polverino MG, et al. Goat Milk Supplementation Modulates the Mitochondrial Metabolic Flexibility and Orexin-A Levels Influencing the Inflammatory Pattern in Rats. Antioxidants. 2024; 13(9):1054. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13091054
Chicago/Turabian StylePetrella, Lidia, Rita Polito, Angela Catapano, Antonella Santillo, Maria Giovanna Ciliberti, Agostino Sevi, Antonietta Messina, Gina Cavaliere, Francesca Marino, Maria Grazia Polverino, and et al. 2024. "Goat Milk Supplementation Modulates the Mitochondrial Metabolic Flexibility and Orexin-A Levels Influencing the Inflammatory Pattern in Rats" Antioxidants 13, no. 9: 1054. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13091054