Priming of Exogenous Salicylic Acid under Field Conditions Enhances Crop Yield through Resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae by Modulating Phytohormones and Antioxidant Enzymes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Elicitor, Priming Conditions, and Cultivation
2.1.1. Source of Elicitor and Priming Conditions
2.1.2. Greenhouse Conditions
2.1.3. Field Trial Conditions
2.2. Antioxidant Enzyme Activity under Greenhouse Conditions
2.2.1. Rice Leaf Sample Protein Extraction
2.2.2. Peroxidase (POX) Activity
2.2.3. Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO)
2.2.4. Catalase (CAT) Activity
2.2.5. Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)
2.3. Phytohormones Accumulation
2.3.1. Endogenous SA
2.3.2. Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA)
2.4. Disease Index
2.5. Yield Parameters
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Antioxidant Enzyme Activity under Greenhouse Conditions
3.1.1. Peroxidase (POX) Activity
3.1.2. Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO)
3.1.3. Catalase (CAT) Activity
3.1.4. Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)
3.2. Phytohormone Accumulation
3.2.1. Endogenous SA
3.2.2. Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA)
3.3. The Efficacy of SA against Rice Blast under Greenhouse Conditions
3.4. The Efficacy of SA on Yield Components and Yield
3.4.1. Plant Height
3.4.2. Tillers and Panicles per Hill
3.4.3. Grain per Panicle
3.4.4. Thousand-Grain Weight
3.4.5. Yield
3.5. The Efficacy of Exogenous SA against Blast Disease under Field Conditions
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rice Blast Disease Scale | Infection of Plant |
---|---|
0 | No symptoms are evident. |
1 | Small brown spots, resembling pinheads in size. |
2 | Large brown spots. |
3 | An oval necrotic gray speckle, measuring 1–2 mm in diameter, with a brown edge surrounding it. |
4 | There is an elliptical necrotic gray spot measuring 1–2 cm in length, indicative of symptoms affecting less than 2% of rice leaf area. |
5 | Symptoms are observed on less than 10% of rice leaf surface. |
6 | Symptoms are observed on 10% to 25% of rice leaf surface. |
7 | Symptoms are observed on 26% to 50% of rice leaf surface. |
8 | Symptoms are observed on 51% to 75% of rice leaf surface. |
9 | The entire leaf has died. |
Treatments | Disease Severity (%) | Control Efficiency (%) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7 dpi | 14 dpi | 21 dpi | 28 dpi | 35 dpi | 7 dpi | 14 dpi | 21 dpi | 28 dpi | 35 dpi | |
2 mM SA | 12.29 ± 0.27 a | 16.26 ± 0.28 b | 20.59 ± 1.72 b | 22.26 ± 1.88 b | 25.11 ± 1.50 b | 26.36 | 47.95 | 48.84 | 63.59 | 70.02 |
4 mM SA | 10.70 ± 0.36 a | 15.68 ± 0.52 b | 19.44 ± 0.94 b | 20.74 ± 0.81 b | 24.43 ± 0.54 b | 35.91 | 49.83 | 51.7 | 66.07 | 70.83 |
Mancozeb 80% WP | 8.22 ± 0.06 a | 10.31 ± 0.10 a | 15.94 ± 0.42 a | 18.11 ± 0.54 a | 19.63 ± 0.12 a | 50.76 | 67 | 60.39 | 70.37 | 76.56 |
Control (water) | 16.7 ± 0.80 b | 31.25 ± 1.16 c | 40.25 ± 2.55 c | 61.13 ± 1.50 c | 83.76 ± 1.48 c |
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Thepbandit, W.; Srisuwan, A.; Athinuwat, D. Priming of Exogenous Salicylic Acid under Field Conditions Enhances Crop Yield through Resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae by Modulating Phytohormones and Antioxidant Enzymes. Antioxidants 2024, 13, 1055. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13091055
Thepbandit W, Srisuwan A, Athinuwat D. Priming of Exogenous Salicylic Acid under Field Conditions Enhances Crop Yield through Resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae by Modulating Phytohormones and Antioxidant Enzymes. Antioxidants. 2024; 13(9):1055. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13091055
Chicago/Turabian StyleThepbandit, Wannaporn, Anake Srisuwan, and Dusit Athinuwat. 2024. "Priming of Exogenous Salicylic Acid under Field Conditions Enhances Crop Yield through Resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae by Modulating Phytohormones and Antioxidant Enzymes" Antioxidants 13, no. 9: 1055. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13091055