The Manifestation of the Dual ROS-Processing and Redox Signaling Roles of Glutathione Peroxidase-like Enzymes in Development of Arabidopsis Seedlings

Bela, Krisztina; Tompa, Bernát; Riyazuddin, Riyazuddin; Horváth, Edit; Jász, Krisztián; Hajnal, Ádám; Bangash, Sajid Ali Khan; Gallé, Ágnes; Csiszár, Jolán

doi:10.3390/antiox14050518

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The Manifestation of the Dual ROS-Processing and Redox Signaling Roles of Glutathione Peroxidase-like Enzymes in Development of Arabidopsis Seedlings

by

Krisztina Bela

^1,†

,

Bernát Tompa

^1,2,†,

Riyazuddin Riyazuddin

^1,3

,

Edit Horváth

¹,

Krisztián Jász

^1,2

,

Ádám Hajnal

¹,

Sajid Ali Khan Bangash

⁴

,

Ágnes Gallé

¹ and

Jolán Csiszár

^1,*

¹

Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary

²

Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary

³

Bioengineering Institute, Miguel Hernández University, 03202 Elche, Spain

⁴

Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Antioxidants 2025, 14(5), 518; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14050518

Submission received: 26 February 2025 / Revised: 21 April 2025 / Accepted: 24 April 2025 / Published: 25 April 2025

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Various Forms and Efficient Antioxidant Pathways in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells)

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Abstract

Plant glutathione peroxidase-like (GPXL) enzymes are thiol-based peroxidases that reduce H₂O₂ or hydroperoxides to water or alcohols using electrons principally from thioredoxin. Arabidopsis thaliana possesses eight isoenzymes (AtGPXL1−8) located in different plant organelles and have various roles in redox-dependent processes. The determination of the redox potential of 6-day-old T-DNA insertional mutants (Atgpxl1–Atgpxl8) using a cytosolic redox-sensitive fluorescent probe (roGFP2) uncovered more oxidized redox status in the shoot and/or root of the untreated mutants, except for Atgpxl5. To investigate the involvement of AtGPXLs in the growth and abiotic stress responses of seedlings, the 4-day-old Atgpxls were exposed to salt and osmotic stresses for two weeks. The evaluation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of untreated 18-day-old plants using fluorescent microscopy revealed the elevated accumulation of total ROS in the shoots and, in some cases, the roots of the mutants. Regarding the growth of roots, both the length of primary roots and/or the number of lateral roots were affected by the mutation of AtGPXLs. A strong negative correlation was observed between the ROS level of wild type shoots and the development of lateral roots, but it was altered in mutants, while in the case of Atgpxl1, Atgpxl5, and Atgpxl7 seedlings, it disappeared; in other mutants (Atgpxl4, Atgpxl6, and Atgpxl8), the correlation became stronger. Our analysis underpins the discrete role of AtGPXL enzymes in controlling the growth and development of plants by fine tuning the ROS contents and redox status in an organ-specific way. Differences in root phenotype and metabolic activity between Atgpxl mutants and wild type plants highlight the essential role of AtGPXLs in ROS processing to support growth, which is particularly evident when one GPXL isoenzyme is absent or its activity is reduced, both under normal and abiotic stress conditions.

Keywords: abiotic stress; Arabidopsis thaliana; glutathione peroxidase-like enzymes; reactive oxygen species; redox potential; roGFP2; root growth

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MDPI and ACS Style

Bela, K.; Tompa, B.; Riyazuddin, R.; Horváth, E.; Jász, K.; Hajnal, Á.; Bangash, S.A.K.; Gallé, Á.; Csiszár, J. The Manifestation of the Dual ROS-Processing and Redox Signaling Roles of Glutathione Peroxidase-like Enzymes in Development of Arabidopsis Seedlings. Antioxidants 2025, 14, 518. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14050518

AMA Style

Bela K, Tompa B, Riyazuddin R, Horváth E, Jász K, Hajnal Á, Bangash SAK, Gallé Á, Csiszár J. The Manifestation of the Dual ROS-Processing and Redox Signaling Roles of Glutathione Peroxidase-like Enzymes in Development of Arabidopsis Seedlings. Antioxidants. 2025; 14(5):518. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14050518

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bela, Krisztina, Bernát Tompa, Riyazuddin Riyazuddin, Edit Horváth, Krisztián Jász, Ádám Hajnal, Sajid Ali Khan Bangash, Ágnes Gallé, and Jolán Csiszár. 2025. "The Manifestation of the Dual ROS-Processing and Redox Signaling Roles of Glutathione Peroxidase-like Enzymes in Development of Arabidopsis Seedlings" Antioxidants 14, no. 5: 518. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14050518

APA Style

Bela, K., Tompa, B., Riyazuddin, R., Horváth, E., Jász, K., Hajnal, Á., Bangash, S. A. K., Gallé, Á., & Csiszár, J. (2025). The Manifestation of the Dual ROS-Processing and Redox Signaling Roles of Glutathione Peroxidase-like Enzymes in Development of Arabidopsis Seedlings. Antioxidants, 14(5), 518. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14050518

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The Manifestation of the Dual ROS-Processing and Redox Signaling Roles of Glutathione Peroxidase-like Enzymes in Development of Arabidopsis Seedlings

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