Antioxidant Therapy against Oxidative Damage of the Inner Ear: Protection and Preconditioning
Abstract
:1. Oxidative Damage in the Inner Ear
1.1. Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
1.2. Age-Related Hearing Loss
1.3. Ototoxicity
1.4. Sudden Hearing Loss and Immune-Mediated Hearing Loss
2. Antioxidant Therapies for ROS-Induced Inner Ear Damage
2.1. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC)
2.2. Sodium Thiosulfate (STS)
2.3. d-Methionine
2.4. Alpha-Lipoic Acid
2.5. Amifostine
2.6. Ebselen
2.7. Flunarizine
2.8. Other Antioxidants
3. Antioxidant Therapeutic Mechanisms in the Inner Ear
4. Preconditioning Effects in the Inner Ear
4.1. Preconditioning by Sound in Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
4.2. Preconditioning by Hyperthermia and Restraint
4.3. Hypoxic Preconditioning
4.4. Unfolded Protein Response (UPR)
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name | Study Subjects | Condition | Outcome Regarding Hearing Loss | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Animal Model | Clinical Study | ||||
N-acetyl cysteine | Guinea pig | Noise | Protection | [59] | |
Chinchilla | Noise | Protection | [60] | ||
Rat | Noise | Protection | [61] | ||
Combined with d-methionine | Chinchilla | Noise | Protection | [62] | |
Combined with salicylate | Chinchilla | Noise | Protection | [63] | |
48 textile workers, RCT, phase 2 | Noise | Protection | [64] | ||
634 military population during weapon training, phase 2 | Noise | Partial effect (post-hoc analysis, handedness) | [65] | ||
31 normal-hearing participants, phase 2 | Noise | No effect in this study setting | [66] | ||
Meta-analysis, 3 studies, 146 patients with end-stage renal disease | Aminoglycoside | Protection | [67] | ||
Guinea pig | Cisplatin | Protection | [68] | ||
Sodium thiosulfate | Rat | Cisplatin | Rescue | [69] | |
109 pediatric patients with hepatoblastoma, RCT, phase 3 | Cisplatin | Rescue | [70] | ||
d-methionine | Mouse | Noise | Rescue | [71] | |
Guinea pig | Noise | Rescue | [72] | ||
Rat | Noise | Protection | [73] | ||
Lipoic acid | Mouse | Cisplatin | Protection, rescue | [74] | |
Mouse | Kanamycin | Protection | [75] | ||
Mouse | Aging | Protection | [76] | ||
30 normal-hearing participants | Noise | Protection | [77] | ||
Amifostine | Guinea pig | Cisplatin | Protection | [78] | |
9 pediatric patients with medulloblastoma | Cisplatin | No effect in this study setting | [79] | ||
379 children with medulloblastoma, not randomized | Cisplatin | Protection from serious hearing loss in average-risk patients | [80] | ||
242 ovarian cancer patients, RCT, phase 3 | Cisplatin | No effect in this study setting | [81] | ||
Ebselen | Rat | Cisplatin | Protection | [82] | |
Guinea pig | Noise | Protection | [83] | ||
83 normal-hearing participants, RCT, phase 2 trial | Noise | Protection | [84] | ||
Korean red ginseng | Mouse | Noise | Rescue | [85] | |
Rat | Gentamicin | Protection | [86] | ||
Coenzyme Q10 | Guinea pig | Noise | Protection | [87] | |
30 normal-hearing participants | Noise | Protection | [88] |
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Pak, J.H.; Kim, Y.; Yi, J.; Chung, J.W. Antioxidant Therapy against Oxidative Damage of the Inner Ear: Protection and Preconditioning. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 1076. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111076
Pak JH, Kim Y, Yi J, Chung JW. Antioxidant Therapy against Oxidative Damage of the Inner Ear: Protection and Preconditioning. Antioxidants. 2020; 9(11):1076. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111076
Chicago/Turabian StylePak, Jhang Ho, Yehree Kim, Junyeong Yi, and Jong Woo Chung. 2020. "Antioxidant Therapy against Oxidative Damage of the Inner Ear: Protection and Preconditioning" Antioxidants 9, no. 11: 1076. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111076