Next Article in Journal
Effects of Ozone Treatment on Personal Protective Equipment Contaminated with SARS-CoV-2
Next Article in Special Issue
Effect of Heme Oxygenase-1 on Melanoma Development in Mice—Role of Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells
Previous Article in Journal
Discovery of Spilanthol Endoperoxide as a Redox Natural Compound Active against Mammalian Prx3 and Chlamydia trachomatis Infection
Previous Article in Special Issue
Heme Oxygenase-1 in Gastrointestinal Tract Health and Disease
 
 
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

Panax ginseng Fruit Has Anti-Inflammatory Effect and Induces Osteogenic Differentiation by Regulating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Periodontitis

1
College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Daegu 42601, Korea
2
Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, 2177, Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu 41940, Korea
3
Departments of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antioxidants 2020, 9(12), 1221; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121221
Submission received: 28 October 2020 / Revised: 26 November 2020 / Accepted: 28 November 2020 / Published: 3 December 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacological and Clinical Significance of Heme Oxygenase-1)

Abstract

Periodontitis is an infectious inflammatory disease of tissues around teeth that destroys connective tissues and is characterized by the loss of periodontal ligaments and alveolar bone. A new treatment strategy is needed owing to the limitations of the current surgical treatment method and the side effects of anti-inflammatory drugs. Therefore, here, we assessed whether Panax ginseng fruit extract (PGFE) is a new therapeutic agent for periodontitis in vitro and in vivo. According to the results, PGFE suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, and pro-inflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 through heme oxygenase-1 expression in human periodontal ligament cells stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (PG-LPS). In addition, the osteogenic induction of human periodontal ligament cells was inhibited by PG-LPS, and protein and mRNA levels of osteogenic markers such as alkaline phosphatase, collagen type 1 (COL1), osteopontin (OPN), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) were increased. The efficacy of PGFE for inhibiting periodontitis in vitro was demonstrated in a representative in vitro model of periodontitis induced by ligature and PG-LPS. Subsequently, hematoxylin and eosin staining and micro-computed tomography of the euthanized experimental animal model confirmed suppressed periodontal inflammation, which is an important strategy for treating periodontitis and for recovering the resulting alveolar bone loss. Therefore, PGFE is a potential, novel therapeutic agent for periodontal diseases.
Keywords: periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; heme oxygenase-1; Panax ginseng fruit extract; osteogenic differentiation periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; heme oxygenase-1; Panax ginseng fruit extract; osteogenic differentiation

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Kim, E.-N.; Kim, T.-Y.; Park, E.K.; Kim, J.-Y.; Jeong, G.-S. Panax ginseng Fruit Has Anti-Inflammatory Effect and Induces Osteogenic Differentiation by Regulating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Periodontitis. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 1221. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121221

AMA Style

Kim E-N, Kim T-Y, Park EK, Kim J-Y, Jeong G-S. Panax ginseng Fruit Has Anti-Inflammatory Effect and Induces Osteogenic Differentiation by Regulating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Periodontitis. Antioxidants. 2020; 9(12):1221. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121221

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kim, Eun-Nam, Tae-Young Kim, Eui Kyun Park, Jae-Young Kim, and Gil-Saeng Jeong. 2020. "Panax ginseng Fruit Has Anti-Inflammatory Effect and Induces Osteogenic Differentiation by Regulating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Periodontitis" Antioxidants 9, no. 12: 1221. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121221

APA Style

Kim, E.-N., Kim, T.-Y., Park, E. K., Kim, J.-Y., & Jeong, G.-S. (2020). Panax ginseng Fruit Has Anti-Inflammatory Effect and Induces Osteogenic Differentiation by Regulating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Periodontitis. Antioxidants, 9(12), 1221. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121221

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop