Vaccine Hesitancy in the Time of COVID-19: Attitudes and Intentions of Teens and Parents Regarding the COVID-19 Vaccine
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
3.1. COVID-19 Experiences
3.2. Routine Immunizations
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parents/Guardians | Teens | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wave 1 | Wave 2 | Wave 3 | Wave 1 | Wave 2 | Wave 3 | |
TOTAL Weighted | 593 | - | - | 300 | - | - |
TOTAL Unweighted | 582 | 531 | 500 | 300 | 300 | 300 |
US Region (U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. Census Bureau) | ||||||
Northeast | 109 | 77 | 91 | 79 | 53 | 60 |
19% | 15% | 18% | 26% | 18% | 20% | |
Midwest | 125 | 124 | 103 | 53 | 60 | 65 |
22% | 23% | 21% | 18% | 20% | 22% | |
South | 215 | 202 | 193 | 98 | 121 | 94 |
37% | 38% | 39% | 33% | 40% | 31% | |
West | 133 | 128 | 113 | 71 | 66 | 81 |
23% | 24% | 23% | 24% | 22% | 27% | |
Gender | ||||||
Male | 264 | 176 | 215 | 133 | 165 | 152 |
45% | 33% | 43% | 44% | 55% | 51% | |
Female | 314 | 354 | 285 | 164 | 131 | 144 |
54% | 67% | 57% | 55% | 44% | 48% | |
Non-binary/Other | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
- | - | - | 1% | 1% | 1% | |
Prefer not to say | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
1% | * | - | * | * | 1% | |
Age of Parent/Guardian Participants | ||||||
Age 25–34 | 34 | 34 | 33 | - | - | - |
6% | 6% | 7% | - | - | - | |
Age 35–44 | 251 | 282 | 223 | - | - | - |
43% | 53% | 45% | - | - | - | |
Age 45–54 | 203 | 160 | 159 | - | - | - |
35% | 30% | 32% | - | - | - | |
Age 55–64 | 88 | 42 | 72 | - | - | - |
15% | 8% | 14% | - | - | - | |
Age 65 or older | 6 | 13 | 13 | - | - | - |
1% | 2% | 2% | - | - | - | |
Mean | 45.8 | 44.1 | 45.5 | - | - | - |
Age of Teens | Age of the Parent/Guardian Participant’s Teen Child | Age of Teen Participant | ||||
Age 13 | 114 | 71 | 102 | 74 | 50 | 76 |
19% | 13% | 20% | 25% | 17% | 25% | |
Age 14 | 114 | 113 | 98 | 36 | 64 | 52 |
20% | 21% | 20% | 12% | 21% | 17% | |
Age 15 | 102 | 112 | 92 | 38 | 61 | 60 |
17% | 21% | 18% | 13% | 20% | 20% | |
Age 16 | 113 | 97 | 80 | 59 | 55 | 45 |
19% | 18% | 16% | 20% | 18% | 15% | |
Age 17 | 110 | 113 | 100 | 59 | 62 | 55 |
19% | 21% | 20% | 20% | 21% | 18% | |
Age 18 | 30 | 25 | 28 | 33 | 8 | 12 |
5% | 5% | 6% | 11% | 3% | 4% | |
Mean | 15.1 | 15.3 | 15.0 | 15.3 | 15.1 | 15.0 |
Median | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 16.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 |
Std Deviation | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.6 |
Std Error | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Race | ||||||
Black or African American | 77 | 67 | 70 | 39 | 45 | 45 |
13% | 13% | 14% | 13% | 15% | 15% | |
American Indian or Alaska Native | 15 | 2 | 5 | 8 | 2 | 2 |
3% | * | 1% | 3% | 1% | 1% | |
Asian | 15 | 20 | 25 | 8 | 11 | 6 |
3% | 4% | 5% | 3% | 4% | 2% | |
White | 427 | 396 | 359 | 216 | 225 | 232 |
73% | 75% | 72% | 72% | 75% | 77% | |
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 4 | 4 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 1 |
1% | 1% | * | 3% | - | * | |
Mixed race | 15 | 19 | 20 | 8 | 8 | 9 |
3% | 4% | 3% | 3% | 3% | 3% | |
Some other race | 15 | 19 | 17 | 8 | 6 | 5 |
3% | 4% | 3% | 3% | 2% | 2% | |
Prefer not to answer | 15 | 4 | 3 | 8 | 3 | 0 |
3% | 1% | 1% | 3% | 1% | - | |
Hispanic Ethnicity | ||||||
Hispanic | 33 | 90 | 90 | 31 | 54 | 55 |
6% | 17% | 18% | 10% | 18% | 18% | |
Non-Hispanic | 536 | 434 | 407 | 268 | 243 | 245 |
92% | 82% | 81% | 90% | 81% | 82% | |
Prefer not to answer | 13 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 0 |
2% | 1% | 1% | * | 1% | - | |
Community Type | ||||||
Urban | 199 | 167 | 207 | 109 | 128 | 145 |
34% | 31% | 41% | 36% | 43% | 48% | |
Suburban | 284 | 242 | 199 | 134 | 120 | 110 |
49% | 46% | 40% | 45% | 40% | 37% | |
Rural | 99 | 122 | 94 | 57 | 52 | 45 |
17% | 23% | 19% | 19% | 17% | 15% | |
Household Income | ||||||
Less than $50,000 | 138 | 228 | 134 | 95 | 113 | 72 |
24% | 43% | 27% | 32% | 38% | 24% | |
$50,000 to $99,999 | 173 | 155 | 141 | 76 | 85 | 93 |
30% | 29% | 28% | 25% | 28% | 31% | |
$100,000 or more | 247 | 134 | 211 | 107 | 93 | 128 |
42% | 25% | 42% | 36% | 31% | 43% | |
Prefer not to answer | 25 | 14 | 14 | 22 | 9 | 7 |
4% | 3% | 3% | 7% | 3% | 2% |
Topic | Parents/Guardians | Teens | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wave 1 | Wave 2 | Wave 3 | Wave 1 | Wave 2 | Wave 3 | |
Column A | Column B | Column C | Column D | Column E | Column F | |
Percentage choosing strongly agree/somewhat agree | ||||||
COVID-19 Experience | ||||||
COVID-19 is a serious disease. | 82 | 83 | 86 | 83 | 82 | 85 |
It’s possible I will get infected with COVID-19. | 62 | 63 | 60 | 60 | 59 | 57 |
Routine Vaccines | ||||||
It is important for all teens to get the vaccines recommended for them. | 80 D | 78 | 77 | 72 | 73 | 74 |
I have some concerns about the safety of vaccines. | 52 | 61 A | 63 A | 56 | 64 | 62 |
I have some concerns about the effectiveness of some vaccines. | 54 | 60 A | 67 AB | 55 | 64 | 63 |
What I have read on social media has concerned me about the safety of some vaccines. | 41 | 49 A | 51A | 50 A | 56 B | 57 |
If my friends get vaccinated, I think I would need to get vaccinated, too. | - | - | - | 58 | 54 | 63 E |
Percentage choosing the option from “select all that apply” | ||||||
COVID-19 Vaccines | ||||||
Reasons to NOT get the vaccine: | ||||||
I am concerned about possible side effects. | 41 | 54 A | 62 AB | 40 | 47 | 58 DE |
I am concerned my teen/I could get COVID-19 from the vaccine. | 20 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 20 | 15 |
I do not think the COVID-19 vaccine will work well. | 21 | 20 | 18 | 17 | 20 | 22 |
My teen does not/I do not like getting shots/needles. | 12 B | 8 | 13 B | 20 A | 20B | 21 |
I think the COVID-19 outbreak is not as serious as some say. | 16 B | 11 | 14 | 12 | 14 | 14 |
I’m worried I/my parent might have to pay for it. | 11 BC | 7 | 4 | 18 AF | 15 BF | 6 |
I think teens do not get seriously ill from COVID-19. | 10 | 10 | 17 AB | 11 | 16 B | 19 |
Reasons TO get the vaccine: | ||||||
I want to protect my teen/myself. | 51 | 55 | 54 | 53 | 49 | 51 |
I want to protect everyone in my family. | 51 | 50 | 47 | 47 | 52 | 44 |
Vaccination is the best way for my teen/me to avoid a potentially serious disease. | 39 | 40 | 43 | 37 | 38 | 38 |
I want to help protect my community. | 39 | 39 | 36 | 35 | 36 | 34 |
Life will not go back to normal until most people are vaccinated, including teens. | 38 | 39 | 35 | 37 | 35 | 34 |
My teen/I would be safe around other people. | 34 | 36 | 41 A | 38 | 39 | 37 |
A family member is at high risk for COVID-19. | 34 | 36C | 29 | 31 | 35 | 30 |
Percentage choosing one of the following options | ||||||
When COVID-19 is approved and available, which statement most closely represents what you will do for you? * | ||||||
Get vaccinated as soon as possible | 30 | 28 | 8 | - | - | - |
Get vaccinated when I have time/make it a priority/others have safely been vaccinated | 46 | 29 | 19 | - | - | - |
Only if required for my job/school | 8 | 4 | 3 | - | - | - |
I have received at least one dose of vaccine | - | 14 | 56 | |||
I do NOT plan to get a COVID-19 vaccine | 16 | 24 | 14 | - | - | - |
When COVID-19 is approved and available, which statement most closely represents what you will do for your teen? * | ||||||
Get vaccinated as soon as possible | 28 | 29 | 12 ^ | - | - | - |
Get vaccinated when I have time/make it a priority/others have safely been vaccinated | 50 | 58 | 42 ^ | - | - | - |
Only if required for my teen’s school | 8 | 10 | 13 ^ | - | - | - |
I do NOT plan to get a COVID-19 vaccine | 14 | 19 | 33 ^ | - | - | - |
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Middleman, A.B.; Klein, J.; Quinn, J. Vaccine Hesitancy in the Time of COVID-19: Attitudes and Intentions of Teens and Parents Regarding the COVID-19 Vaccine. Vaccines 2022, 10, 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10010004
Middleman AB, Klein J, Quinn J. Vaccine Hesitancy in the Time of COVID-19: Attitudes and Intentions of Teens and Parents Regarding the COVID-19 Vaccine. Vaccines. 2022; 10(1):4. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10010004
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiddleman, Amy B., Judy Klein, and Jane Quinn. 2022. "Vaccine Hesitancy in the Time of COVID-19: Attitudes and Intentions of Teens and Parents Regarding the COVID-19 Vaccine" Vaccines 10, no. 1: 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10010004